Unit 10: Digestive System

Question 1

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a usable form

Answer 1

digestion

Question 2

the movement of molecules through the mucosal lining and into the blood

Answer 2

absorption

Question 3

the removal of solid waste

Answer 3

excretion

Question 4

catabolic reaction which breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids into their building blocks. requires enzymes to speed up

Answer 4

chemical digestion

Question 5

the breaking down of the bigger pieces of food to smaller pieces of food

Answer 5

mechanical digestion

Question 6

is a continuous tube running through through the middle of the body from the mouth to the anus

Answer 6

alimentary canal

Question 7

includes those organs which provide enzymes, hormones, and fluids to break food, and do NOT have direct contact with food

Answer 7

accessory organs

Question 8

what are the accessory organs

Answer 8

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 9

is the fluid secreted by the salivary glands

Answer 9

saliva

Question 10

is the enzyme which chemically breakdown starch into maltose in the mouth; in saliva

Answer 10

amylase

Question 11

is the exposed portion of the tooth-found above the gums

Answer 11

crown

Question 12

is the constricted junction line of the tooth between the crown and the root

Answer 12

neck

Question 13

contains one to three projections of the tooth which embedded in the sockets of the alveolar processes of the mandible and the maxillae

Answer 13

root

Question 14

is another name for the gums which surround the tooth

Answer 14

gingiva

Question 15

is an area of dense fibrous connective tissue attached to the socket walls and the cemental surfaces of the roots of the tooth

Answer 15

periodontal ligament

Question 16

is the portion of the tooth that protects the teeth from wear and tear. hardest substance in the body

Answer 16

enamel

Question 17

is calcified connective tissue, (bony part of the tooth) which gives the tooth its basic shape rigidity

Answer 17

dentin

Question 18

is a large cavity enclosed by the dentin and filled with fleshy material. contains nerve and blood vessels

Answer 18

pulp

Question 19

opening within the roots of the teeth which allow for the passage of nerves and blood vessels into and out of the pulp cavity

Answer 19

root canal

Question 20

is swallowing, is the mechanism that moves food from the mouth into esophagus

Answer 20

deglutition

Question 21

or chewing breaks food down into smaller pieces

Answer 21

mastication

Question 22

are mixing waves in the stomach which mix food with the gastric secretions

Answer 22

maceration

Question 23

is a strictly localized contraction of the small intestine to mix food with digestive juice.

Answer 23

segmentation

Question 24

is the wave-like smooth muscle contraction of the muscularis layer which propel food and wastes along the alimentary canal

Answer 24

peristalsis

Question 25

is the way the large intestines move food. remains relaxed until it fills up

Answer 25

haustral churning;

Question 26

J-shaped pouch located inferior to the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant

Answer 26

stomach

Question 27

is the rounded area of the stomach that acts as a temporary storage for food

Answer 27

fundus

Question 28

is the large, central portion of the stomach below the fundus

Answer 28

body

Question 29

is the narrow, inferior region of the stomach

Answer 29

pylorus

Question 30

are folds of the mucosa which stretch to increase the size of the stomach

Answer 30

rugae

Question 31

is where the stomach and the esophagus join

Answer 31

cardiac sphincter or the cardiac

Question 32

is the opening from the pylorus of the stomach into the duodenum

Answer 32

pyloric sphincter

Question 33

is an enzyme secreted in its inactive form. facilitates the chemical digestion of proteins into dipeptides

Answer 33

pepsin

Question 34

provides the acidic environment needed for the enzyme action in the stomach

Answer 34

hydrochloric acid

Question 35

is a thick, sticky substance which helps protect the inner lining of the stomach

Answer 35

mucus

Question 36

specialized acinar cells produce digestive enzymes which are released through ducts into the duodenum

Answer 36

pancreas

Question 37

is a greenish-colored fluid which is produced in the liver.

Answer 37

bile

Question 38

where is bile stored and concentrated

Answer 38

gallbladder

Question 39

finger-like projections that are located in the small intestine

Answer 39

villi

Question 40

is the first portion of of the small intestine where the small intestine joints the stomach

Answer 40

duodenum

Question 41

is the portion of the small intestine immediately after the duodenum

Answer 41

jejunum

Question 42

is the final portion of the small intestine that joints the large intestine

Answer 42

ileum

Question 43

portion of small intestine where the majority of chemical digestion occurs

Answer 43

duodenum

Question 44

portion of the small intestine where most of the absorption of nutrients occurs

Answer 44

jejunum

Question 45

where the absorption of water, vitamins, and electrolytes occurs.

Answer 45

large intestines

Question 46

is the beginning of the large intestine and is connected to the small intestine

Answer 46

cecum

Question 47

connects the small intestine and the large intestine

Answer 47

ileocecal valve

Question 48

is portion of the large intestine that is found on the right side of the body between the cecum and the transverse colon

Answer 48

ascending colon

Question 49

is the horizontal portion of the large intestine found inferior to the diaphragm

Answer 49

transverse colon

Question 50

is the portion of the colon on the left side of the body located between the transverse colon and sigmoid colon

Answer 50

descending colon

Question 51

is the portion of the colon that turns inward from the end of the descending colon to the rectum

Answer 51

sigmoid colon

Question 52

is the last eight inches of the colonr. temporary storage of solid wastes before excretion

Answer 52

rectum

Question 53

the last portion of the rectum that terminates with the anus

Answer 53

anal canal

Question 54

where the change from the ascending colon to transverse colon occurs

Answer 54

hepatic flexure (think right side of the body and the liver is on the right)

Question 55

where the change from the transverse colon to the descending colon occurs

Answer 55

splenic flexure (think left side of the body and the spleen is on the left)

Question 56

is the inflammation of the appendix

Answer 56

appendicitis

Question 57

is a chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells followed by scarring

Answer 57

cirrhosis

Question 58

cancer of the rectum and colon

Answer 58

colorectal cancer

Question 59

is the presence of stones in the gallbladder, resulting from changes in the bile component

Answer 59

gallstones of cholelithiasis

Question 60

hepatitis that is caused by the ingestion of contaminated food, milk, or water

Answer 60

hepatitis A

Question 61

is a highly contagious form of hepatitis that is transmitted by the direct exchange of contaminated blood. needle sharing

Answer 61

hepatitis B

Question 62

is the presence of body fat, over 20% for men and over 30% for women

Answer 62

obesity

Question 63

are lesions found in the mucosal membrane in the alimentary canal

Answer 63

ulcers