Unit 7: Endocrine System Flashcards
hGH
Human growth hormone
PRL
Prolactin
LH
Luteinizing hormone
FSH
Follicle Stimulating hormone
TSH
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
MSH
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
what are the seven hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
Human growth hormone (HGH) Prolactin (PRL) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Oxt
Oxytocin
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
what are the two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
Oxytocin (Oxt) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or Vasopressin)
T3
Triiodothyronine
T4
Thyroxine
thryocalcitonin is also called
Calcitonin
what are the three hormones secreted by the Thyroid gland
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin
PTH
Parathyroid hormone
what is the hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
what hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
glucocorticoids are also called
cortisol
gonadocorticoids are also called
androgens
mineral corticoids are also called
aldosterone
what are the two hormones of the Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
Insulin
Glucagon
what hormone is secreted by the Pineal gland
Melatonin
what hormone is secreted by the Thymus gland
Thymosin
what hormones are secreted by the Ovaries
Progesterone Estrogen Relaxin Inhibin (P-E-R-I)
what hormone is secreted by the Testes
Testosterone
what does human growth hormone (hGH) do
stimulates growth
what does prolactin (PRL) do
stimulates milk production
what does Luteinizing hormone (LH) do
stimulates ovaries and testes
what does Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) do
stimulates production of ova and sperm
what does Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) do
stimulates thyroid gland
What does Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) do
stimulates melanocytes
what does Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do
stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
what does Oxytocin (Oxt) do
stimulates contraction of uterus and the milk “letdown”
what does Antidiuretic (ADH) or Vasopressin do
promotes retention of water by kidneys
what does Triiodothyronine (T3) do
stimulates metabolism, homeostasis mechanisms
what does Thyroxine (T4) do
stimulates metabolism, homeostasis mechanisms (T4 is a prohormone to T3 which means it aids T3 and does the same actions, but T3 is the main one)
what does Calcitonin do
lowers blood calcium
what does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do
raises blood calcium
what does Epinephrine do
increases rate of metabolism, “fight or flight” response
what does Norepinephrine do
decreases rate of metabolism, “rest and relax” response
what does glucocorticoids do
regulate metabolic glucose levels
up anti-inflammatory and decrease pro-inflammatory
surfactant production
what does gonadocorticoids do
produce androgens (hirsutism)
what does insulin do
reduce blood sugar
what does glucagon do
raises blood sugar
what does melatonin do
biological rhythms (Circardian Cycle/Rhythms)
what does Thymosin do
programs T-lymphocytes
what does Progesterone do
promotes growth of uterus, lines the uterus during pregnancy
what does estrogen do
development and maintenance of sex characteristics
what does Inhibin do
inhibits FSH.
in females: release of eggs to monthly, and the graafian follicle during ovulation
in males: inhibits the production of sperm so you don’t have excessive sperm (males have very little compared to females)
what does Relaxin do
relaxes the pubic symphysis bone for labor and contractions, relaxes pelvic ligaments
what is caused by hyposecretion of hGH
Dwarfism
what is caused by hypersecretion of hGH in childhood
Gigantism
what is caused by hypersecretion of hGH in adulthood
acromegaly
what is caused by hyposecretion of Luteinizing hormone
sterility
what is caused by hypersecretion of Luteinizing hormone
no known problems
what is caused by hyposecretion of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
diabetes insipidus
what is caused by hyposecretion of T3 in children
cretinism
what is caused by hyposecretion of T3 in adults
myxedema
what is caused by hypersecretion of T3
Graves disease
what are two symptoms of Graves disease
Goiter (enlarged thyroid)
exophthalmos
what is caused by hypersecretion of PTH
massive bone destruction
what is caused by hypersecretion of Epinephrine
high blood pressure, heart rate, etc.
what is caused by hypersecretion of Norepinephrine
High blood pressure, heart rate, etc
what is caused by hyposecretion of Epinephrine and norepinephrine
nothing
what is caused by hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids (cortisols)
Addison’s disease
what is caused by hypersecretion of Glucocorticoids (cortisols)
Cushing’s syndrome (originates with an adenoma of the pituitary’s function of ACTH, but because its excessive cortisol it is a condition of the Adrenal cortex)
what is caused by hyposecretion of Insulin
Diabetes Mellitus
what is glucagon used to treat
hypoglycemia; by raising the blood sugar
what is insulin used to treat
hyperglycemia; by lowering the blood sugar
what is caused by hyposecretion of progesterone
infertility, unable to prepare the uterus for a pregnancy; not being pregnant
what is caused by hypersecretion of progesterone
possible indication of pregnancy (that’s how pregnancy tests work)
what is caused by hyposecretion of estrogens or hypersecretion of testosterone in women
hirsutism (women growing facial, chest hair, etc)
what is caused by hypersecretion of estrogens or hypo secretion of testosterone in males
gynecomastia (man boobs)
what is caused by hyposecretion of testosterone in males
sterility if its to such an extent
what is caused by hypersecretion of testosterone in males
no known effects
