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Basic Medical Anatomy > Unit 7: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Unit 7: Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

hGH

A

Human growth hormone

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2
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

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3
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

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4
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating hormone

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5
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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6
Q

MSH

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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7
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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8
Q

what are the seven hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

A 
Human growth hormone (HGH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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9
Q

Oxt

A

Oxytocin

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10
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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11
Q

what are the two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

A 
Oxytocin (Oxt)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or Vasopressin)
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12
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

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13
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine

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14
Q

thryocalcitonin is also called

A

Calcitonin

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15
Q

what are the three hormones secreted by the Thyroid gland

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin

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16
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone

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17
Q

what is the hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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18
Q

what hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Medulla

A

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

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19
Q

glucocorticoids are also called

A

cortisol

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20
Q

gonadocorticoids are also called

A

androgens

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21
Q

mineral corticoids are also called

A

aldosterone

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22
Q

what are the two hormones of the Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)

A

Insulin

Glucagon

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23
Q

what hormone is secreted by the Pineal gland

A

Melatonin

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24
Q

what hormone is secreted by the Thymus gland

A

Thymosin

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25
Q

what hormones are secreted by the Ovaries

A 
Progesterone
Estrogen
Relaxin
Inhibin
(P-E-R-I)
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26
Q

what hormone is secreted by the Testes

A

Testosterone

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27
Q

what does human growth hormone (hGH) do

A

stimulates growth

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28
Q

what does prolactin (PRL) do

A

stimulates milk production

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29
Q

what does Luteinizing hormone (LH) do

A

stimulates ovaries and testes

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30
Q

what does Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) do

A

stimulates production of ova and sperm

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31
Q

what does Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) do

A

stimulates thyroid gland

32
Q

What does Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) do

A

stimulates melanocytes

33
Q

what does Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do

A

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

34
Q

what does Oxytocin (Oxt) do

A

stimulates contraction of uterus and the milk “letdown”

35
Q

what does Antidiuretic (ADH) or Vasopressin do

A

promotes retention of water by kidneys

36
Q

what does Triiodothyronine (T3) do

A

stimulates metabolism, homeostasis mechanisms

37
Q

what does Thyroxine (T4) do

A

stimulates metabolism, homeostasis mechanisms (T4 is a prohormone to T3 which means it aids T3 and does the same actions, but T3 is the main one)

38
Q

what does Calcitonin do

A

lowers blood calcium

39
Q

what does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do

A

raises blood calcium

40
Q

what does Epinephrine do

A

increases rate of metabolism, “fight or flight” response

41
Q

what does Norepinephrine do

A

decreases rate of metabolism, “rest and relax” response

42
Q

what does glucocorticoids do

A

regulate metabolic glucose levels
up anti-inflammatory and decrease pro-inflammatory
surfactant production

43
Q

what does gonadocorticoids do

A

produce androgens (hirsutism)

44
Q

what does insulin do

A

reduce blood sugar

45
Q

what does glucagon do

A

raises blood sugar

46
Q

what does melatonin do

A

biological rhythms (Circardian Cycle/Rhythms)

47
Q

what does Thymosin do

A

programs T-lymphocytes

48
Q

what does Progesterone do

A

promotes growth of uterus, lines the uterus during pregnancy

49
Q

what does estrogen do

A

development and maintenance of sex characteristics

50
Q

what does Inhibin do

A

inhibits FSH.
in females: release of eggs to monthly, and the graafian follicle during ovulation
in males: inhibits the production of sperm so you don’t have excessive sperm (males have very little compared to females)

51
Q

what does Relaxin do

A

relaxes the pubic symphysis bone for labor and contractions, relaxes pelvic ligaments

52
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of hGH

A

Dwarfism

53
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of hGH in childhood

A

Gigantism

54
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of hGH in adulthood

A

acromegaly

55
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of Luteinizing hormone

A

sterility

56
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of Luteinizing hormone

A

no known problems

57
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

diabetes insipidus

58
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of T3 in children

A

cretinism

59
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of T3 in adults

A

myxedema

60
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of T3

A

Graves disease

61
Q

what are two symptoms of Graves disease

A

Goiter (enlarged thyroid)

exophthalmos

62
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of PTH

A

massive bone destruction

63
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of Epinephrine

A

high blood pressure, heart rate, etc.

64
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of Norepinephrine

A

High blood pressure, heart rate, etc

65
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

nothing

66
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids (cortisols)

A

Addison’s disease

67
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of Glucocorticoids (cortisols)

A

Cushing’s syndrome (originates with an adenoma of the pituitary’s function of ACTH, but because its excessive cortisol it is a condition of the Adrenal cortex)

68
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of Insulin

A

Diabetes Mellitus

69
Q

what is glucagon used to treat

A

hypoglycemia; by raising the blood sugar

70
Q

what is insulin used to treat

A

hyperglycemia; by lowering the blood sugar

71
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of progesterone

A

infertility, unable to prepare the uterus for a pregnancy; not being pregnant

72
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of progesterone

A

possible indication of pregnancy (that’s how pregnancy tests work)

73
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of estrogens or hypersecretion of testosterone in women

A

hirsutism (women growing facial, chest hair, etc)

74
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of estrogens or hypo secretion of testosterone in males

A

gynecomastia (man boobs)

75
Q

what is caused by hyposecretion of testosterone in males

A

sterility if its to such an extent

76
Q

what is caused by hypersecretion of testosterone in males

A

no known effects

Basic Medical Anatomy (12 decks)

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