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Basic Medical Anatomy > Unit 5: Muscular System > Flashcards

Unit 5: Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what are the functions of muscle tissue

A 
motion
posture
regulation of organ volume
thermogenesis
protection
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2
Q

how does the muscular system help with motion

A

moving the skeleton levels of the body

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3
Q

how does the muscular system help with posture

A

stabilizes body positions

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4
Q

how does the muscular system help with regulation of organ volume

A

muscles compress around the organs to keep them in place

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5
Q

how does the muscular system help in thermogenesis

A

the muscles produce heat

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6
Q

how does the muscular system help in protection of internal organs

A

the abdominal muscles protect that vulnerable intestines that have no bone over them

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7
Q

what are the four characteristics of muscle tissue

A

Elasticity, Excitability (irritability), Extensibility, and Contractility
(EECE)

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8
Q

what is the characteristics of skeletal tissue

A

voluntary, striated, multiple ecentric nucleus(s)

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9
Q

what is the characteristics of smooth muscle

A

involuntary, non-striated, central nucleus

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10
Q

what is the characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

involuntary, striated, contains intercalated disks

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11
Q

what is the function of the skeletal system

A

movement, posture

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12
Q

what is the function of smooth muscle

A

controls diameter of blood vessels, peristalsis, muscular contractions to push urine out of bladder

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13
Q

(wave-like contractions) to propel food and wastes through the digestive system and to move urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

peristalsis

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14
Q

thin, light color myofilaments; thin muscle filaments

A

Actin

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15
Q

blocks actin’s active sites preventing cross-bridge formation with myosin

A

Tropomyosin

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16
Q

one subunit binds to actin, another binds to tropomyosin, and the last binds to calcium; contains three subunits

A

troponin

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17
Q

what are the two regulatory proteins

A

tropomyosin, and troponin

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18
Q

a nerve carrying impulses from the brain and stimulates muscles to contract

A

motor neuron

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19
Q

the end of the axon terminal where it attaches to the muscle fiber

A

neuromuscular junction

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20
Q

the location on the muscle fiber at the end of the axon terminal

A

motor end plate

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21
Q

the neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles which initiates an action potential in the muscle fiber

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

22
Q

body segment with most mass, usually more proximal, has a larger surface area

A

origin

23
Q

body segment with least mass, usually more distal, has a smaller surface area, moveable end

A

insertion

24
Q

the muscle that is responsible for the majority of force when a movement is executed

A

agonist (prime mover)

25
Q

the muscle which performs the opposite movement of the agonist

A

antagonist

26
Q

a muscle that assists the agonist by providing additional force or directing the force of the agonist so the movement can be effectively executed

A

synergist

27
Q

a muscle that functions to stabilize a point or body position

A

fixator (stabilizer)

28
Q

where is the biceps brachii located and what is the function

A

anterior aspect of the upper arm, flexes the forearm

29
Q

where is the triceps brachii located and what is the function

A

posterior aspect of the upper arm, extends the forearm

30
Q

where is the sternocleidomastoid located and what is the function

A

anterior aspect of the neck, flexes the head and neck

31
Q

where is the trapezius located and what is the function

A

posterior aspect of the neck, extends the head and neck (shrugs shoulders)

32
Q

where is the deltoid located and what is the function

A

covers the shoulder, abducts the arm

33
Q

where is the pectoralis major located and what is the function

A

chest, adducts the arm

34
Q

where is the latissimus dorsi located and what is the function

A

superficial muscle on the back (lumbar), extends a flexed arm or hyperextends the arm from the anatomic position

35
Q

where is the diaphragm located and what is the function

A

internal muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity, assists in breathing

36
Q

where is the gastrocnemius located and what is the function

A

posterior aspect of the lower leg, plantar flexes the foot

37
Q

where is the hamstring muscle group located and what is the function

A

posterior aspect of the thigh, flexes the lower leg

38
Q

where is the quadriceps muscle group located and what is the function

A

anterior aspect of the thigh, extends the lower leg

39
Q

where is the gluteus maximus located and what is the function

A

buttocks region, extends a flexed thigh or hyperextends the thigh from anatomical position

40
Q

a widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue disorder for which the cause is still unknown. means pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons

A

fibromyalgia

41
Q

group of genetic diseases characterized by atrophy of skeletal muscle tissue.

A

muscular dystrophy

42
Q

involves soreness and pain in the front lower leg due to excessive straining of the flexor digitorum longus. results of walking up and down hills or overbuilding the gastrocnemius

A

shin splints

43
Q

is characterized by muscle pain and involves the overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers

A

muscle strain

44
Q

layers around the muscle from superficial to deep

A

epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium (ep-pe-en; epi-pen)

45
Q

Is the functional unit in the muscular system

A

sarcomere

46
Q

the area between two I bands of a sarcomere, marked by partial overlapping of actin and myosin filaments

A

A-band

47
Q

the area between a sarcomere, occupied by myosin myofilaments only

A

H-zone

48
Q

the area between a sarcomere, occupied by actin myofilaments only

A

I-band

49
Q

where actin filaments are linked; forms borders of the sarcomere

A

Z-disk

50
Q

area on the sarcomere that shortens during muscular contraction

A

H-zone

I-band

51
Q

area on the sarcomere that stays the same during contraction

A

A-band

Basic Medical Anatomy (12 decks)

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