Unit 5: Muscular System

Question 1

what are the functions of muscle tissue

Answer 1

motion
posture
regulation of organ volume
thermogenesis
protection

Question 2

how does the muscular system help with motion

Answer 2

moving the skeleton levels of the body

Question 3

how does the muscular system help with posture

Answer 3

stabilizes body positions

Question 4

how does the muscular system help with regulation of organ volume

Answer 4

muscles compress around the organs to keep them in place

Question 5

how does the muscular system help in thermogenesis

Answer 5

the muscles produce heat

Question 6

how does the muscular system help in protection of internal organs

Answer 6

the abdominal muscles protect that vulnerable intestines that have no bone over them

Question 7

what are the four characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 7

Elasticity, Excitability (irritability), Extensibility, and Contractility
(EECE)

Question 8

what is the characteristics of skeletal tissue

Answer 8

voluntary, striated, multiple ecentric nucleus(s)

Question 9

what is the characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 9

involuntary, non-striated, central nucleus

Question 10

what is the characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 10

involuntary, striated, contains intercalated disks

Question 11

what is the function of the skeletal system

Answer 11

movement, posture

Question 12

what is the function of smooth muscle

Answer 12

controls diameter of blood vessels, peristalsis, muscular contractions to push urine out of bladder

Question 13

(wave-like contractions) to propel food and wastes through the digestive system and to move urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 13

peristalsis

Question 14

thin, light color myofilaments; thin muscle filaments

Answer 14

Actin

Question 15

blocks actin’s active sites preventing cross-bridge formation with myosin

Answer 15

Tropomyosin

Question 16

one subunit binds to actin, another binds to tropomyosin, and the last binds to calcium; contains three subunits

Answer 16

troponin

Question 17

what are the two regulatory proteins

Answer 17

tropomyosin, and troponin

Question 18

a nerve carrying impulses from the brain and stimulates muscles to contract

Answer 18

motor neuron

Question 19

the end of the axon terminal where it attaches to the muscle fiber

Answer 19

neuromuscular junction

Question 20

the location on the muscle fiber at the end of the axon terminal

Answer 20

motor end plate

Question 21

the neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles which initiates an action potential in the muscle fiber

Answer 21

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 22

body segment with most mass, usually more proximal, has a larger surface area

Answer 22

origin

Question 23

body segment with least mass, usually more distal, has a smaller surface area, moveable end

Answer 23

insertion

Question 24

the muscle that is responsible for the majority of force when a movement is executed

Answer 24

agonist (prime mover)

Question 25

the muscle which performs the opposite movement of the agonist

Answer 25

antagonist

Question 26

a muscle that assists the agonist by providing additional force or directing the force of the agonist so the movement can be effectively executed

Answer 26

synergist

Question 27

a muscle that functions to stabilize a point or body position

Answer 27

fixator (stabilizer)

Question 28

where is the biceps brachii located and what is the function

Answer 28

anterior aspect of the upper arm, flexes the forearm

Question 29

where is the triceps brachii located and what is the function

Answer 29

posterior aspect of the upper arm, extends the forearm

Question 30

where is the sternocleidomastoid located and what is the function

Answer 30

anterior aspect of the neck, flexes the head and neck

Question 31

where is the trapezius located and what is the function

Answer 31

posterior aspect of the neck, extends the head and neck (shrugs shoulders)

Question 32

where is the deltoid located and what is the function

Answer 32

covers the shoulder, abducts the arm

Question 33

where is the pectoralis major located and what is the function

Answer 33

chest, adducts the arm

Question 34

where is the latissimus dorsi located and what is the function

Answer 34

superficial muscle on the back (lumbar), extends a flexed arm or hyperextends the arm from the anatomic position

Question 35

where is the diaphragm located and what is the function

Answer 35

internal muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity, assists in breathing

Question 36

where is the gastrocnemius located and what is the function

Answer 36

posterior aspect of the lower leg, plantar flexes the foot

Question 37

where is the hamstring muscle group located and what is the function

Answer 37

posterior aspect of the thigh, flexes the lower leg

Question 38

where is the quadriceps muscle group located and what is the function

Answer 38

anterior aspect of the thigh, extends the lower leg

Question 39

where is the gluteus maximus located and what is the function

Answer 39

buttocks region, extends a flexed thigh or hyperextends the thigh from anatomical position

Question 40

a widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue disorder for which the cause is still unknown. means pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons

Answer 40

fibromyalgia

Question 41

group of genetic diseases characterized by atrophy of skeletal muscle tissue.

Answer 41

muscular dystrophy

Question 42

involves soreness and pain in the front lower leg due to excessive straining of the flexor digitorum longus. results of walking up and down hills or overbuilding the gastrocnemius

Answer 42

shin splints

Question 43

is characterized by muscle pain and involves the overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers

Answer 43

muscle strain

Question 44

layers around the muscle from superficial to deep

Answer 44

epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium (ep-pe-en; epi-pen)

Question 45

Is the functional unit in the muscular system

Answer 45

sarcomere

Question 46

the area between two I bands of a sarcomere, marked by partial overlapping of actin and myosin filaments

Answer 46

A-band

Question 47

the area between a sarcomere, occupied by myosin myofilaments only

Answer 47

H-zone

Question 48

the area between a sarcomere, occupied by actin myofilaments only

Answer 48

I-band

Question 49

where actin filaments are linked; forms borders of the sarcomere

Answer 49

Z-disk

Question 50

area on the sarcomere that shortens during muscular contraction

Answer 50

H-zone | I-band

Question 51

area on the sarcomere that stays the same during contraction

Answer 51

A-band