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Basic Medical Anatomy > Unit 1: Body Plan and Organization > Flashcards

Unit 1: Body Plan and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Is the scientific study of STRUCTURES and the relationship of structures to each other (FORM)

A

anatomy

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2
Q

is the scientific study of how body structures and systems function to perform life processes (FUNCTION)

A

Physiology

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3
Q

What are the six levels of Structural Organization from smallest to largest?

A 
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
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4
Q

includes all elements (atoms) and molecules essential for maintaining life.

A

Chemical level

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5
Q

what are the four most common elements in the body?

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen 
Oxygen
Nitrgoen
(CHON)
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6
Q

groups of similar cells found together performing a specific function.

A

tissue level

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7
Q

what are the four primary tissues?

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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8
Q

structures composed of two or more different tissues having specific functions and recognizable shapes.

A

Organ level

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9
Q

groups of organs which work together for a common function

A

system level

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10
Q

is a group of organ systems which function together to meet the needs of the individual

A

Organism

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11
Q

is the total of all chemical processes that occur in the body

A

Metabolism

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12
Q

uses energy to SYNTHESIZE or manufacture new cells

A

Anabolism

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13
Q

is the BREAKDOWN of tissues or chemicals to produce energy

A

Catabolism

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14
Q

means towards the back

A

posterior

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15
Q

means to the front

A

anterior

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16
Q

means towards the middle

A

medial

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17
Q

means towards the side

A

lateral

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18
Q

means closest tot he trunk or main party of the body

A

proximal

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19
Q

means away from the trunk or the main party of the body

A

distal

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20
Q

means towards the surface

A

superficial

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21
Q

means away from the surface

A

deep

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22
Q

means upper or above

A

superior

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23
Q

means under or below

A

inferior

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24
Q

moving a body party away from the midline

A

abduction

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25
moving a body part toward the midline
adduction
26
moving a body party in a circular motion
circumduction
27
lowering a body part
depression
28
bending the foot upward by flexing the foot at the ankle
dorsiflexion
29
raising a body part
elevation
30
turning the foot so the sole is outward
eversion
31
increasing the joint angle to straighten body parts
extension
32
decreasing the joint angle to bring two body parts close together
flexion
33
excessive extension of body parts at a joint; moving a body part beyond normal anatomical position
Hyperextension
34
turning the foot so the sole of the foot is inward
inversion
35
bending the foot downward by extending the foot at the angkle
Plantar flexion
36
turning the hand with the palm down or turning the foot so the medial margin is lowered
pronation (prone)
37
moving a body part forward
protraction
38
moving a body part backward
retraction
39
turning the hand with the palm upward or turning the foot so the medial margin is raised
supination (supine)
40
vertical plane; divides the body or an organ into right and left sections
Sagittal Plane
41
vertical plane; divides the body or an organ into EQUAL right and left halves
Midsagittal Plane
42
horizontal plane dividing the body or an organ into upper and lower sections
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
43
vertical plane dividing the body or an organ into front and back sections
Frontal (Coronal) Plane
44
located on the posterior/dorsal surface of the body and surrounds the brain and spinal cord
dorsal cavity
45
the cavity that is formed by the vertebrae of the spine and surrounds spinal cord
Spinal (vertebral) cavity
46
the bones of the skull crate this cavity to protect the brain
Cranial Cavity
47
What are the two cavities that make up the dorsal cavity
Spinal | Cranial
48
located in the anterior surface of the body and contains the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.
Ventral Cavity
49
portion of the ventral cavity superior to the diaphragm
Thoracic cavity
50
are the spaces surrounding each lung
Pleural cavity
51
broad, middle tissue mass of the thoracic cavity dividing the lungs into two cavities
Mediastinum
52
What is located in the Mediastinum?
aorta, esophagus, trachea, thymus, pericardial, and other great blood vessels
53
is the space in which the heart is located
pericardial cavity
54
portion of the ventral cavity inferior to the diaphragm
abdominopelvic cavity
55
superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. extends from the diaphragm to the superior margin of the pelvic girdle
Abdominal Cavity
56
surrounded by the pelvic bones
pelvic cavity
57
what are the four quadrants?
RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ
58
what is contained in the RUQ
liver right kidney gallbladder
59
what is contained in the LUQ
spleen stomach left kidney
60
What is contained in the RLQ
cecum appendix right ovary
61
what is contained in the LLQ
left ovary
62
is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes that occur internally or externally
homeostasis
63
an imbalance in the body's internal environment. Anything that disrupts homeostasis
stress
64
any stress that changes a controlled condition
stimulus
65
monitors changes in the controlled condition and sends information (input) to the control center
receptor
66
an area in the body that receives information about the status of a controlled condition
control center
67
receives information from the control center and produces a response
effector
68
the action of the effector
response
69
reaction of the body (output0 counteracts the stress (input) in order to restore homeostasis. Reverse the effect of the change
negative feedback mechanism
70
what are examples of Negative Feedback mechanisms
blood glucose blood pressure body temperature MANY others
71
reaction of the body is stimulated or intesified by the input. the response enhances the stimulus
Positive feedback mechanism
72
What are examples of Positive Feedback mechanisms?
Breastfeeding Labor Blood clotting

Basic Medical Anatomy (12 decks)

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