Unit 8 Flashcards
Puberty
Collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including a growth spurt and the growth of breasts or testes.
Primary Sex Characteristics
Physical signs of maturity that are directly linked to the reproductive organs.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Physical signs of maturity that are not directly linked to reproductive organs.
Menarche
Onset of menstruation.
Spermarche
First spontaneous ejaculation of sperm.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Adjusted ratio of weight to height; used to define “overweight.”
Anorexia Nervosa
Persistent refusal to eat accompanied by an irrational fear of being overweight.
Bulimia Nervosa
Disease in which people alternate between binge eating (periods when they eat uncontrollably) and purging with self-induced vomiting, laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Heuristics
A rule of thumb that do not guarantee a solution but are useful in solving a range of problems. They tend to be fast and require little effort.
Analytic Solutions
Determines an answer mathematically or logically. Tend to be slower and require more effort.
Working Memory and Processing Speed
Adolescents have adultlike working memory capacity and processing speed, enabling them to process information efficiently.
Content Knowledge
Adolescents’ greater knowledge of the world facilitates understanding and memory of new experiences.
Strategies and Metacognition
Adolescents are better able to identify task-appropriate strategies and to monitor the effectiveness of those strategies.
Problem-Solving and Reasoning
Adolescents often solve problems analytically by relying on mathematics or logic, and they can detect weaknesses in scientific evidence and logical arguments.
Preconventional Level
First level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, where moral reasoning is based on external forces.
Obedience Orientation
Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 1, in which moral reasoning is based on the belief that adults know what is right and wrong.
Instrumental Orientation
Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 2, in which moral reasoning is based on the aim of looking out for one’s own needs.
Conventional Level
Second level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, where moral reasoning is based on society’s norms.
Interpersonal Norms
Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 3, in which moral reasoning is based on winning the approval of others.
Social System Morality
Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 4, in which moral reasoning is based on maintenance of order in society.
Postconventional Level
Third level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, in which morality is based on a personal moral code.
Social Contract
Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 5, in which moral reasoning s based on the belief that laws are for the good of all members of society.
