Unit 8

Question 1

Puberty

Answer 1

Collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including a growth spurt and the growth of breasts or testes.

Question 2

Primary Sex Characteristics

Answer 2

Physical signs of maturity that are directly linked to the reproductive organs.

Question 3

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Answer 3

Physical signs of maturity that are not directly linked to reproductive organs.

Question 4

Menarche

Answer 4

Onset of menstruation.

Question 5

Spermarche

Answer 5

First spontaneous ejaculation of sperm.

Question 6

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 6

Adjusted ratio of weight to height; used to define “overweight.”

Question 7

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 7

Persistent refusal to eat accompanied by an irrational fear of being overweight.

Question 8

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 8

Disease in which people alternate between binge eating (periods when they eat uncontrollably) and purging with self-induced vomiting, laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Question 9

Heuristics

Answer 9

A rule of thumb that do not guarantee a solution but are useful in solving a range of problems. They tend to be fast and require little effort.

Question 10

Analytic Solutions

Answer 10

Determines an answer mathematically or logically. Tend to be slower and require more effort.

Question 11

Working Memory and Processing Speed

Answer 11

Adolescents have adultlike working memory capacity and processing speed, enabling them to process information efficiently.

Question 12

Content Knowledge

Answer 12

Adolescents’ greater knowledge of the world facilitates understanding and memory of new experiences.

Question 13

Strategies and Metacognition

Answer 13

Adolescents are better able to identify task-appropriate strategies and to monitor the effectiveness of those strategies.

Question 14

Problem-Solving and Reasoning

Answer 14

Adolescents often solve problems analytically by relying on mathematics or logic, and they can detect weaknesses in scientific evidence and logical arguments.

Question 15

Preconventional Level

Answer 15

First level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, where moral reasoning is based on external forces.

Question 16

Obedience Orientation

Answer 16

Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 1, in which moral reasoning is based on the belief that adults know what is right and wrong.

Question 17

Instrumental Orientation

Answer 17

Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 2, in which moral reasoning is based on the aim of looking out for one’s own needs.

Question 18

Conventional Level

Answer 18

Second level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, where moral reasoning is based on society’s norms.

Question 19

Interpersonal Norms

Answer 19

Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 3, in which moral reasoning is based on winning the approval of others.

Question 20

Social System Morality

Answer 20

Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 4, in which moral reasoning is based on maintenance of order in society.

Question 21

Postconventional Level

Answer 21

Third level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, in which morality is based on a personal moral code.

Question 22

Social Contract

Answer 22

Characteristic of Kohlberg’s stage 5, in which moral reasoning s based on the belief that laws are for the good of all members of society.