Unit 16

Question 1

Thanatology

Answer 1

Study of death, dying, grief, bereavement, and social attitudes toward these issues.

Question 2

Clinical Death

Answer 2

Lack of heartbeat and respiration.

Question 3

Whole-Brain Death

Answer 3

Declared only when the deceased meets eight criteria, which were established in 1981.

Question 4

Persistent Vegetative State

Answer 4

Situation in which a person’s cortical functioning ceases while brainstem activity continues.

Question 5

Bioethics

Answer 5

Study of the interface between human values and technological advances in health and life sciences.

Question 6

Euthanasia

Answer 6

Practice of ending life for reasons of mercy.

Question 7

Physician-Assisted Suicide

Answer 7

Process in which physicians provide dying patients with a fatal dose of medication that the patient self-administers.

Question 8

Death Anxiety

Answer 8

Feeling of anxiety or even fear of death and dying.

Question 9

Terror Management Theory

Answer 9

Theory that addresses the issue of why people engage in certain behaviors to achieve particular psychological states based on their deeply rooted concerns about mortality.

Question 10

End-of-Life Issues

Answer 10

Issues pertaining to management of the final phase of life, after-death disposition of the body and memorial services, and distribution of assets.

Question 11

Final Scenario

Answer 11

Ways for people to make their choices known about how they do and do not want their lives to end.

Question 12

Hospice

Answer 12

Approach to assisting dying people that emphasizes pain management, or palliative care, and death with dignity.

Question 13

Living Will

Answer 13

Document in which a person states his or her wishes about life support and other treatments.

Question 14

Healthcare Power of Attorney

Answer 14

Document in which an individual appoints someone to act as his or her agent for healthcare decisions.

Question 15

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order

Answer 15

Medical order that means that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not started should one’s heart and breathing stop.

Question 16

Bereavement

Answer 16

State or condition caused by loss through death.

Question 17

Grief

Answer 17

Sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss.

Question 18

Mourning

Answer 18

Ways in which people express their grief.

Question 19

Anticipatory Grief

Answer 19

Grief that is experienced during the period before an expected death occurs that supposedly serves to buffer the impact of the loss when it does come and to facilitate recovery.

Question 20

Grief Work

Answer 20

Psychological side of coming to terms with bereavement.

Question 21

Anniversary Reaction

Answer 21

Changes in behavior related to feelings of sadness on the anniversary date of a loss.

Question 22

Four-Component Model

Answer 22

Model for understanding grief that is based on (1) the context of the loss, (2) continuation of subjective meaning associated with loss, (3) changing representations of the lost relationship over time, and (4) the role of coping and emotion-regulation processes.

Question 23

Grief Work as Rumination Hypothesis

Answer 23

Approach that not only rejects the necessity of grief processing for recovery from loss but also views extensive grief processing as a form of rumination that may increase distress.

Question 24

Dual Process Model (DPM)

Answer 24

View of coping with bereavement that integrates loss-oriented stressors and restoration-oriented stressors.

Question 25

Model of Adaptive Grieving Dynamics (MAGD)

Answer 25

Model of grieving based on two sets of pairs of adaptive grieving dynamics: lamenting and heartening responses to grief; integrating and tempering responses to grief.

Question 26

Lamenting

Answer 26

Experiencing and/or expressing grieving responses that are distressful, disheartening, and/or painful.

Question 27

Heartening

Answer 27

Experiencing and/or expressing grieving responses that are gratifying, uplifting, and/or pleasurable.

Question 28

Integrating

Answer 28

Assimilating internal and external changes catalyzed by a grief-inducing loss, and reconciling differences in past, present, and future realities in light of these changes.

Question 29

Tempering

Answer 29

Avoiding chronic attempts to integrate changed realities impacted by a grief-inducing loss that overwhelm a griever’s and/or community’s resources and capacities to integrate such changes.

Question 30

Ambiguous Loss

Answer 30

Situations of loss in which there is no resolution or closure to a loss.

Question 31

Complicated Grief or Prolonged Grief Disorder

Answer 31

Expression of grief that is distinguished from depression and from normal grief in terms of separation distress and traumatic distress.

Question 32

Separation Distress

Answer 32

Expression of complicated or prolonged grief disorder that include being preoccupied with the deceased to the point that it interferes with everyday functioning, having upsetting memories of the deceased, long and searching for the deceased, and feeling isolated following the loss.

Question 33

Traumatic Distress

Answer 33

Expression of complicated or prolonged grief disorder that includes disbelief about the death; mistrusting others, feeling anger, and being detached from others as a result of the death; feeling shocked by the death; and experiencing the physical presence of the deceased.