Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Socialization

A

Teaching children the values, roles, and behaviors of their culture.

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2
Q

Authoritarian Parenting

A

Style of parenting in which parents show high levels of control and low levels of warmth toward their children.

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3
Q

Authoritative Parenting

A

Style of parenting in which parents use a moderate amount of control and are warm and responsive to their children.

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4
Q

Permissive Parenting

A

Style of parenting in which parents offer warmth and caring but little control over their children.

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5
Q

Uninvolved Parenting

A

Style of parenting in which parents provide neither warmth nor control and minimize the time they spend with their children.

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6
Q

Direct Instruction

A

Telling the child what to do, when, and why.

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7
Q

Counterimitation

A

Learning what should not be done by observing the behavior.

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8
Q

Reinforcement

A

Consequence that increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated in the future.

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9
Q

Punishment

A

Application of an aversive stimulus (eg., a spanking) or removal of an attractive stimulus (eg., TV viewing).

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10
Q

Negative Reinforcement Trap

A

Unwittingly reinforcing a behavior you want to discourage.

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11
Q

Time-Out

A

Punishment that involves removing children who are misbehaving from a situation to a quiet, unstimulating environment.

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12
Q

Open Adoption

A

An adoption in which adopted children (and their adoptive families) communicate with the children’s birth family.

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13
Q

Joint Custody

A

Custody agreement in which both parents retain legal custody of their children following divorce.

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14
Q

Blended Family

A

Family consisting of a biological parent, a stepparent, and children.

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15
Q

Ego Resilience

A

Person’s ability to respond adaptively and resourcefully to new situations.

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16
Q

Friendship

A

Voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.

17
Q

Co-Rumination

A

Conversation about one’s personal problems, common among adolescent girls.

18
Q

Clique

A

Small group of friends who are similar in age, sex, and race.

19
Q

Crowd

A

Large group including many cliques that have similar attitudes and values.

20
Q

Dominance Hierarchy

A

Ordering of individuals within a group in which group members with lower status defer to those with greater status.

21
Q

Popular Children

A

Children who are liked by many classmates.

22
Q

Rejected Children

A

As applied to children’s popularity, children who are disliked by many classmates.

23
Q

Controversial Children

A

As applied to children’s popularity, children who are intensely liked or disliked by classmates.

24
Q

Average Children

A

As applied to children’s popularity, children who are liked and disliked by different classmates, but with relatively little intensity.

25
Neglected Children
As applied to children's popularity, children who are ignored (neither liked or disliked) by their classmates.
26
Instrumental Aggression
Aggression used to achieve an explicit goal.
27
Hostile Aggression
Unprovoked aggression that seems to have the sole goal of intimidating, harassing, or humiliating another child.
28
Cyberbullying
Using social media to hurt other people by repeatedly insulting them, excluding them, or spreading rumors about them.
29
Undifferentiated
Occurs at ages 3 to 6. Children know that self and others can have different thoughts and feelings but often confuse the two.
30
Social-Informational
Occurs at ages 4 to 9. Children know that perspectives differ because people can have access to different information.
31
Self-Reflective
Occurs at ages 7 to 12. Children can step into another person's shoes and view themselves as others do; they know that others can do the same.
32
Third-Person
Occurs at ages 10 to 15. Children can step outside the immediate situation to see how they and another person are viewed by a third person.
33
Societal
Occurs at ages 14 and beyond. Adolescents realize that a third-person perspective is influenced by broader personal, social, and cultural contexts.
34
Recursive Thinking
Thoughts that focus on what another person is thinking.