Unit 13

Question 1

Skeletal Maturity

Answer 1

The point at which bone mass is greatest and the skeleton is at peak development, occurs at around 18 for women and 20 for men.

Question 2

Osteoporosis

Answer 2

Disease in which bones become porous and extremely easy to break.

Question 3

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Test

Answer 3

Test of bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip at spine.

Question 4

Osteoarthritis

Answer 4

Most common form of arthritis, a disease marked by gradual onset of bone damage with progression of pain and disability together with minor signs of inflammation from wear and tear.

Question 5

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 5

More destructive disease of the joints that develops slowly; it typically affects different joints and causes different types of pain than osteoarthritis does.

Question 6

Climacteric

Answer 6

Biological process during which women pass from their reproductive to nonreproductive years.

Question 7

Menopause

Answer 7

Point at which menstruation stops.

Question 8

Perimenopause

Answer 8

Individually varying time of transition from regular menstruation to menopause.

Question 9

Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)

Answer 9

Therapy in which women take low doses of estrogen, which is often combined with progestin (a synthetic form of progesterone).

Question 10

Stress and Coping Paradigm

Answer 10

Framework that views stress not as an environmental stimulus or as a response, but as the interaction of a thinking person and an event.

Question 11

Primary Appraisal

Answer 11

Process that categorizes events into three groups based on the significance they have for one’s well-being: irrelevant, benign or positive, and stressful.

Question 12

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 12

Process that evaluates one’s perceived ability to cope with harm, threat, or challenge.

Question 13

Reappraisal

Answer 13

Process of making a new primary or secondary appraisal resulting from changes in the situation.

Question 14

Coping

Answer 14

Attempt to deal with stressful events.

Question 15

Problem-Focused Coping

Answer 15

Attempts to tackle a problem head-on.

Question 16

Emotion-Focused Coping

Answer 16

Dealing with one’s feelings about a stressful event.

Question 17

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 17

An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened.

Question 18

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Answer 18

Being aware and nonjudgmental of whatever is happening at that moment.

Question 19

Aerobic Exercise

Answer 19

Exercise that places moderate stress on the heart by maintaining a pulse rate between 60% and 90% of a person’s maximum heart rate.

Question 20

Practical Intelligence

Answer 20

Broad range of skills related to how individuals shape, select, or adapt to their physical and social environments.

Question 21

Mechanics of Intelligence

Answer 21

Those aspects of intelligence comprising fluid intelligence.

Question 22

Pragmatics of Intelligence

Answer 22

Refers to those aspects of intelligence reflecting crystallized intelligence.

Question 23

Neuroticism

Answer 23

Personality trait dimension associated with the tendency to be anxious, hostile, self-conscious, depressed, impulsive, and vulnerable.

Question 24

Extraversion

Answer 24

Personality trait dimension associated with the tendency to thrive on social interaction, to like to talk, to take charge easily, to readily express their opinions and feelings, to keep busy, to have boundless energy, and to prefer stimulating and challenging environments.

Question 25

Openness to Experience

Answer 25

Personality dimension that reflects a tendency to have a vivid imagination and dream life, an appreciation of art, and a strong desire to try anything once.

Question 26

Agreeableness

Answer 26

Dimension of personality associated with being accepting, willing to work with others, and caring.

Question 27

Conscientiousness

Answer 27

Dimension of personality in which people tend to be hard-working, ambitious, energetic, scrupulous, and persevering.

Question 28

Personality Adjustment

Answer 28

Developmental changes in terms of their adaptive value and functionality such as whether one can function effectively within society and how personality contributes to everyday life running smoothly.

Question 29

Personality Growth

Answer 29

Form of personality that refers to ideal end states such as increased self-transcendence, wisdom, and integrity.

Question 30

Generativity

Answer 30

In Erikson’s theory, being productive by helping others to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation.

Question 31

Stagnation

Answer 31

In Erikson’s theory, the state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults.

Question 32

Narrative

Answer 32

Way in which a person derives personal meaning from being generative by constructing a life story, which helps create the person’s identity.

Question 33

Midlife Correction

Answer 33

Reevaluating one’s roles and dreams and making the necessary correction.

Question 34

Kinkeeper

Answer 34

Person who gathers family members together for celebrations and keeps them in touch with each other, usually a middle-aged mother.

Question 35

Sandwich Generation

Answer 35

Middle-aged adults who are caught between the competing demands of two generations: their parents and their children.

Question 36

Filial Obligation

Answer 36

Sense of obligation to care for one’s parents if necessary.