Unit 10 Flashcards
Emerging Adulthood
Period between late teens and mid- to late 20s when individuals are not adolescents but are not yet fully adults.
Rites of Passage
Rituals marking initiation into adulthood.
Role Transitions
Movement into the next stage of development marked by assumption of new responsibilities and duties.
Edgework
The desire to live life more on the edge through physically and emotionally threatening situations on the boundary between life and death.
Returning Adult Students
College students over age 25.
Intimacy versus Isolation
Sixth stage of Erikson’s theory and the major psychosocial task for young adults.
Binge Drinking
Type of drinking define for men as consuming five or more drinks in a row and for women as consuming four or more drinks in a row within the past two weeks.
Alcohol Use Disorder
Drinking pattern that results in significant and recurrent consequences that reflect loss of reliable control over alcohol use.
Metabolism
How much energy the body needs.
Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)
Chemicals that cause fatty deposits to accumulate in arteries, impeding blood flow.
High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
Chemicals that help keep arteries clear and break down LDLs.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Ratio of body weight and height related to total body fat.
Multidimensional
Characteristic of theories of intelligence that identify several types of intellectual abilities.
Multidirectionality
Developmental pattern in which some aspects of intelligence improve and other aspects decline during adulthood.
Interindividual Variability
Patterns of change that vary from one person to another.
Plasticity
Concept that intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be modified under the right conditions at just about any point in adulthood.
Structure of Intelligence
The organization of interrelated intellectual abilities.
Factor
The interrelated abilities measured by two tests if the performance on one test is highly related to the performance on another.
Primary Mental Abilities
Groups of related intellectual skills (such as memory or spatial ability).
Secondary Mental Abilities
Broader intellectual skills that subsume and organize the primary abilities.
Number
The basic skills underlying our mathematical reasoning.
Word Fluency
How easily we produce verbal descriptions of things.
Verbal Meaning
Our vocabulary ability.
Inductive Reasoning
Our ability to extrapolate from particular facts to general concepts.
Spatial Orientation
Our ability to reason in the three-dimensional world.
Fluid Intelligence (Gf)
Abilities that make you a flexible and adaptive thinker, allow you to make inferences, and enable you to understand the relations among concepts.
Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)
The knowledge you have acquired through life experience and education in a particular culture.
Visual Organization (Gv)
Reflects the underlying primary abilities: visualization, spatial orientation, speed and flexibility of closure, among others. Reflects visual patterns that are obvious.
Auditory Organization (Ga)
Reflects underlying primary abilities such as time tracking, auditory cognition of relations, and speech perception when the speech is degraded or distorted, among others.
Short-Term Acquisition and Retrieval
Reflects the ability to be aware of and retain information long enough to do something with it. Reflects aspects of short-term memory.
Long-Term Storage and Retrieval
Reflects the ability to store information and retrieve information that was acquired in the distant past.
Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT)
Theory that proposes that intelligence comes from a disturbed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain.
Neural Efficiency Hypothesis
States intelligent people process information more efficiently, showing weaker neural activations in a smaller number of areas than less intelligent people.
Postformal Thought
Thinking characterized by recognizing that the correct answer varies from one situation to another, that solutions should be realistic, that ambiguity and contradiction are typical, and that subjective factors play a role in thinking.
Reflective Judgement
Way in which adults reason through real-life dilemmas.
Pre-Reflective Reasoning (Stages 1-3)
Belief that “knowledge is gained through the word of an authority figure or through firsthand observation rather than the evaluation of evidence.”
Quasi-Reflective Reasoning (Stages 4 & 5)
Recognition “that knowledge (or more accurately, knowledge claims) contains elements of uncertainty, which attribute to missing information or to methods of obtaining evidence.”
Reflective Reasoning (Stages 6 & 7)
People who hold these assumptions accept “that knowledge claims cannot be made with certainty, but are not immobilized by it; rather, they make judgments that are ‘most reasonable’ and about which they are ‘relatively certain,’ based on their evaluation of available data.”
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
The ability to recognize their own and others’ emotions, to correctly identify and appropriately tell the difference between emotions, and use this information to guide their thinking and behavior.
Impression Formation
The way we form and revise first impressions about others.
Life-Span Construct
Unified sense of the past, present, and future based on personal experience and input from other people.
Scenario
Manifestation of the life-span construct through expectations about the future.
Social Clock
Tagging future events with a particular time or age by which they are to be completed.
Life Story
An internalized narrative with a beginning, middle, and an anticipated ending.
Possible Selves
Representations of what we could become, what we would like to become, and what we are afraid of becoming.
Personal Control Beliefs
The degree to which you believe your performance in a situation depends on something you do.
Primary Control
Behavior aimed at affecting the individual’s external world.
