Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lifespan Development > Unit 3 Flashcards > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Reflexes

A

Unlearned responses triggered by specific stimulation. Most major reflexes found in newborns fade over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Babinski

A

A baby’s toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked from heel to toe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blink

A

A baby’s eyes close in response to bright light or loud noise. This reflex is permanent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moro

A

A baby throws its arms out and then inward (as if embracing) in response to loud noise or when its head falls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Palmar

A

A baby grasps an object placed in the palm of its hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rooting

A

When a baby’s cheek is stroked, it turns its head toward the stroking and opens its mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stepping

A

A baby who is held upright by an adult and then moved forward begins to step rhythmically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sucking

A

A baby sucks when an object is placed in its mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apgar Score

A

A quick assessment that scores the infant based on their respiration, heart rate, muscle tone, skin tone, and presence of reflexes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

A

A more comprehensive evaluation when a newborn needs special attention and care following their Apgar Score evaluation. Includes 46 items that are used to evaluate the functioning of four particular systems: autonomic, motor, state, and social.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Autonomic

A

The baby’s ability to control body functions such as breathing and temperature regulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Motor

A

The baby’s ability to control body movements and activity level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State

A

The baby’s ability to maintain a state (eg. staying alert or asleep).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Social

A

The baby’s ability to interact with people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many newborn’s states are there?

A

Four different states: alert inactivity, waking activity, crying, and sleeping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alert Activity

A

The baby is calm with open and attentive eyes; seems to be deliberately inspecting the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Waking Activity

A

The baby’s eyes are open but unfocused; the arms or legs move in bursts of uncoordinated motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Crying

A

The baby cries vigorously, usually accompanied by agitated but uncoordinated movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sleeping

A

The baby alternates between being still and breathing regularly to moving gently and breathing irregularly; eyes are closed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Basic Cry

A

Cry that starts softly and gradually becomes more intense; often heard when babies are hungry or tired.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mad Cry

A

More intense version of a basic cry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pain Cry

A

Cry that begins as a sudden long burst, followed by a long pause and gasping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Irregular or Rapid-Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

A

Irregular sleep in which an infant’s eyes dart rapidly beneath the eyelids while the body is quite active.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Regular or nonREM Sleep

A

Sleep in which heart rate, breathing, and brain activity are steady. This becomes less frequent as infants grow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

When a healthy baby dies suddenly for no apparent reason.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Temperament

A

Consistent style or pattern of behavior; the genetic building blocks of personality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is temperament throughout infancy to childhood?

A

Temperament is moderately stable throughout infancy, childhood, and even adolescence.

28
Q

Malnourished

A

Being small for one’s age because of inadequate nutrition.

29
Q

Neuron

A

Basic cellular unit of the brain and nervous system that specializes in receiving and transmitting information.

30
Q

Cell Body

A

Center of the neuron that keeps the neuron alive.

31
Q

Dendrite

A

End of the neuron that receives information; resembles a tree with many branches.

32
Q

Axon

A

Tubelike structure that emerges from the cell body and transmits information to other neurons.

33
Q

Terminal Buttons

A

Small knobs at the end of the axon that release neurotransmitters.

34
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals released by the terminal buttons that allow neurons to communicate with each other.

35
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Wrinkled surface of the brain that regulates many functions that are distinctly human.

36
Q

Hemispheres

A

The right and left halves of the cortex.

37
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Thick bundle of neurons that connects the two hemispheres.

38
Q

Frontal Cortex

A

Brain region that regulates personality and goal-directed behavior.

39
Q

Neural Plate

A

At roughly three weeks after conception, a flat group of cells are present that becomes the brain and spinal cord.

40
Q

Myelin

A

A fatty sheath that wraps around neurons and enables them to transmit information more rapidly; forms in the fourth month of prenatal development.

41
Q

How many layers of the matured brain are formed about seven months after conception?

A

There are six layers, beginning with the innermost layers.

42
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

Gradual reduction in the number of synapses, beginning in infancy and continuing until early adolescence. Completed first for brain regions associated with sensory and motor functions, then basic language and spatial skills, followed by attention and planning.

43
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

The study of brain waves recorded from electrodes that are placed on the scalp.

44
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A

Method of studying brain activity by using magnetic fields to track blood flow in the brain.

45
Q

Experience-Expectant Growth

A

Process by which the wiring of the brain is organized by experiences that are common to most humans, found through environmental input.

46
Q

Experience-Dependent Growth

A

Process by which an individual’s unique experiences over a lifetime affect brain structures and organization.

47
Q

Motor Skills

A

Coordinated movements of the muscles and limbs.

48
Q

Locomote

A

To move around in the world.

49
Q

Fine Motor Skills

A

Motor skills associated with grasping, holding, and manipulating objects.

50
Q

Toddling

A

Early, unsteady form of walking done by infants.

51
Q

Toddler

A

Young children who have just learned to walk.

52
Q

Dynamic Systems Theory

A

Theory that views motor development as involving many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific needs.

53
Q

Differentiation

A

Distinguishing and mastering individual motions.

54
Q

Integration

A

Linking individual motions into a coherent, coordinated whole.

55
Q

Perception

A

Processes by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation.

56
Q

Visual Acuity

A

Smallest pattern that one can distinguish reliably.

57
Q

Cones

A

Specialized neurons in the back of the eye that sense/perceive color.

58
Q

Visual Cliff

A

Glass-covered platform that appears to have a “shallow” and a “deep” side; used to study infants’ depth perception. Developed by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk.

59
Q

Kinetic Cues

A

Cues to depth perception in which motion is used to estimate depth.

60
Q

Visual Expansion

A

Kinetic cue to depth perception that is based on the fact that an object fills an ever-greater proportion of the retina as it moves closer.

61
Q

Motion Parallax

A

Kinetic cue to depth perception based on the fact that nearby moving objects move across our visual field faster than do distant objects.

62
Q

Binocular Disparity

A

A way of inferring depth based on differences in the retinal images in the left and right eyes.

63
Q

Pictorial Cues

A

Cues to depth perception that are used to convey depth in drawings and paintings.

64
Q

Linear Perspective

A

A cue to depth perception based on the fact that parallel lines comes together at a single point in the distance.

65
Q

Texture Gradient

A

Perceptual cue to depth based on the fact that the texture of objects changes from distinct for nearby objects to finer and less distinct for distant objects.

66
Q

Intersensory Redundancy

A

Infants’ sensory systems are attuned to information presented simultaneously to different sensory modes.

67
Q

Theory of Mind

A

Ideas about connections between thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and behavior that create an intuitive understanding of the link between mind and behavior.

Lifespan Development (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions