Unit 8: Ecology Flashcards
Define the 10% rule
only 10% of the energy from level 1 makes up to the 2nd level
- energy lost has heat
list the trophic levels
1* produces= plants (Autotrophs)
1* consumers= herbivores (heterotrophs)
2* consumers= omnivores (herbivores)
3* consumers= carnivores
* decomposers occur at any level
3 types of symbiosis
+/+= mutualim
+/0= commensalism
+/-= parasitism
define signalling behavior
communication between organisms can change behavior= produces changes
WHat does innate (genetically controlled) and learned behaviors help with
increase survival and repro
what does cooperative behavior help with
increase fitness and survival
define aposematism
discourage predation through markings/behaviors and/or chemicals
define endotherms
use energy from metabolism to maintain body temperatures
define ectotherms
regulate temperature behaviorally; no internal mechanisms
smaller animals repro and metabolic rate?
increase and reproduce more
big animals repro and metabolic rate?
low rate
define chemoautotrophs
organisms that capture energy from small inorganic molecules
define interspecific competition
(-/-) different species compete for resource- limits survival and reproduction
define competitive exclusion
elimination of inferior competitor
define niche partitioning
when similar species differentiate resources they use; enabling coexistence
