2.3 Carbon Flashcards

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1
Q

what is carbon and what can it bond to?

A

It had 4 valence electrons and can make covalent bonds to oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen for cellular function

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2
Q

What are functional groups

A

groups of atoms that give specific properties to hydrocarbon chains or rings that define their overall characteristics and function

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3
Q

Organic molecules

A

carbon containing liquid solid or gas- make macromolecules

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4
Q

Macromolecules

A

proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), carbohydrates, and lipids- makes up cells; carbon makes up the basic structural component of macromolecules

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5
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

organic molecules consisting of carbon and hydrogen; can be fuels and burn off energy when covalent bonds are burned

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6
Q

What are some qualities of hydrocarbons?

A

exists as linear carbon chains, carbon rings or a combination
can have single, double or triple bonds

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7
Q

What are hydrocarbon chains?

A

formed by bonds between carbon atomd, bonds may be branched or unbranched. geometry can change based on the type of bond

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8
Q

What shape does single, double and triple bonds produce?

A

single- rotation along axis of bond- tetrahedral shape
double- planar configuration
triple- linear bond

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9
Q

What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

Linear chains of carbon atoms - can form rings with all single bonds

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10
Q

What are aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

close rings of carbon dioxide with alternating single and double bonds

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11
Q

What type of hydrocarbon ring is cyclopentane and cyclohexane?

A

aliphatic hydrocarbons

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12
Q

what type of hydrocarbon ring is benzese?

A

aromatic hydrocarbons; it is also a crude oil

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13
Q

define isomers

A

molecules with the same molecular formular (same finds and # of atoms) but different molecular structures that result in different properties of functions

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14
Q

define structural isomers

A

differ in their placement of covalent bonds; different chemical properties

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15
Q

define geometric isomers

A

similar placement of the covalent bonds but differ in how they were made

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16
Q

define cis configuration

A

carbons bound on the same side of the double bond; bends in the carbon backbone

17
Q

define trans configuration

A

opposite sides of the double bond form a more or less linear structure

18
Q

define triglycerides

A

long carbon chain- fatty acids can be cis or trans configuration

19
Q

define unsaturated fats

A

fats with at least 1 double bond between carbon atoms- due to the bend- they cannot pack as tightly resulting in their liquid form- oil

20
Q

define trans fat

A

trans double bonds linear fatty acids; pack tightly at room temperature and form solid fats - increase in risk of CVD

21
Q

saturated fats

A

triglycerides w/o double bonds between carbon atoms, contain all the hydrogen atoms; solid at room temperature -of animal origin

22
Q

define enantiomers

A

molecules that share the same chemical structure and bonds, differ in the 3D placement of atoms, so they are mirror images

23
Q

carbon backbone def

A

formed by chains and/or rings of carbon atoms sometimes has nitrogen or oxygen

24
Q

definition of substituted hydrocarbons

A

molecules with other elements in their carbon backbone

25
Q

Why are there hydrogen bonds between functional groups?

A

help them fold properly, and maintain the appropriate shape for functioning, DNA complementary base pairing, and the binding of an enzyme to its substrates

26
Q

Are functional group hydrophobic or hydrophilic containing methyl?

A

Hydrophobic

27
Q

Are functional group hydrophobic or hydrophilic containing carboxyl?

A

Hydrophilic- releases Hydrogen ions resulting in COO-