2.3 Carbon Flashcards
what is carbon and what can it bond to?
It had 4 valence electrons and can make covalent bonds to oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen for cellular function
What are functional groups
groups of atoms that give specific properties to hydrocarbon chains or rings that define their overall characteristics and function
Organic molecules
carbon containing liquid solid or gas- make macromolecules
Macromolecules
proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), carbohydrates, and lipids- makes up cells; carbon makes up the basic structural component of macromolecules
What are hydrocarbons?
organic molecules consisting of carbon and hydrogen; can be fuels and burn off energy when covalent bonds are burned
What are some qualities of hydrocarbons?
exists as linear carbon chains, carbon rings or a combination
can have single, double or triple bonds
What are hydrocarbon chains?
formed by bonds between carbon atomd, bonds may be branched or unbranched. geometry can change based on the type of bond
What shape does single, double and triple bonds produce?
single- rotation along axis of bond- tetrahedral shape
double- planar configuration
triple- linear bond
What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?
Linear chains of carbon atoms - can form rings with all single bonds
What are aromatic hydrocarbons?
close rings of carbon dioxide with alternating single and double bonds
What type of hydrocarbon ring is cyclopentane and cyclohexane?
aliphatic hydrocarbons
what type of hydrocarbon ring is benzese?
aromatic hydrocarbons; it is also a crude oil
define isomers
molecules with the same molecular formular (same finds and # of atoms) but different molecular structures that result in different properties of functions
define structural isomers
differ in their placement of covalent bonds; different chemical properties
define geometric isomers
similar placement of the covalent bonds but differ in how they were made