2.6 & 2.7 Transport Mechanisms and Facilitated DIffusion

Question 1

What are the 2 key differences that differentiates passive transport from active transport?

Answer 1

no cell energy needed
substances move from high concentrations to low concentrations

Question 2

what are the 3 types of passive transport?

Answer 2

osmosis
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion

Question 3

Describe osmosis

Answer 3

water moving directly through PM; no channel
- water small; coming slowly
aquaporins also osmosis- passive channels

Question 4

Describe simple diffusion

Answer 4

Diffusing substances that are small and non-polar
ex. O2, CO2, N2, non polar amino acids

Question 5

Describe facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

substances that need protein helpers- large polar molecules

Question 6

What are the two types of facilitated diffusion?

Answer 6

protein channels and protein carriers

Question 7

What differentiates active transport from passive transport?

Answer 7

requires energy
substances move from low to high concentrations

Question 8

WHat are the 3 types of active transport?

Answer 8

Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Protein pump

Question 9

what are the 3 types of endocytosis?

Answer 9

pinocytosis: liquid
phagocytosis: solid
receptor-mediated endocytosis: receptor proteins on the cell membrane are used to capture specific target molecules

Question 10

What are some examples of things can go through protein carriers?

Answer 10

polar amino acids; polar glucose

Question 11

Which factor is more important when deciding the type of transport?

Answer 11

Polarity> size

Question 12

Define tonicity

Answer 12

solute concentration on one side of the membrane compared to the other side

Question 13

Solute define

Answer 13

substances that gets dissolved

Question 14

define solvent

Answer 14

substances that does the dissolving

Question 15

Hypertonic solution define

Answer 15

the side with the more solute concentration

Question 16

Hypotonic solution define

Answer 16

the side with more solvent concentration

Question 17

isotonic soluion define

Answer 17

solute concentration is equal on both sides

Question 18

crenation define

Answer 18

only in animal cells- cell has shrunk and cytoplasm shrins

Question 19

plasmolysis define

Answer 19

only in plant cells- cell membrane pulls away from cell wall and central vacuole shrins

Question 20

What types of tonicity is ideal for animal cells?

Answer 20

Isotonic

Question 21

What type of tonicity is ideal for plant cells?

Answer 21

hypotonic- the cell is a turgid cell
the more water in a plant means the more pressure so there would be more stiffness in the cell wall

Question 22

Flaccid cell define in plants

Answer 22

Occurs in isotonic solutions; cell lacing turgidity

Question 23

Define phosphorylation

Answer 23

addition of phosphate

Question 24

define conformational change

Answer 24

shape changes of a protein

Question 25

What are the 2 sources of energy for active transport ?

Answer 25

ATP- primary AT
Separation of charge across membranes- secondary AT

Question 26

Na/Glucose Symporter

Answer 26

carrier protein that transports 2 substances in the same direction
SGLT) on apical side of epithelial cells lining small intestine

Question 27

Secondary AT define

Answer 27

a 2nd molecule piggy bacs with a first molecule to move actively using the indirect source of energy from the membrane potential

Question 28

Na/ K Pump

Answer 28

three sodium’s pump out of the cell
2 K+ into the cell
Phosphate is used

Question 29

Define co-transport

Answer 29

secondary active transport that use the energy from an electrochemical gradient to transport 2 different ions across the membrane through a membrane

Question 30

Define Uniport:

Answer 30

membrane transports a single ion in and out of the cell

Question 31

Define symport

Answer 31

2 different ions are transported in the same direction

Question 32

define anitport

Answer 32

2 different ions are transported in the opposite direction

Question 33

Define electrochemical gradient

Answer 33

type of concentrtaion gradient
membrane potential- electrical potential different (voltage) across a membrane
membranes can be polarized by movement by ions across membranes-

Question 34

what is glut

Answer 34

glucose transporter on basolateral side of epithelial cells lining small intestine delivering glucose to blood capillaries