Unit 7: Imperial Athens 479–431 BCE: Study Questions Flashcards
How did the Delian League operate, and how did it evolve into an Athenian empire?
Initially a defensive alliance against Persia, Athens began using league resources for its own benefit, turning it into an empire by forcing members to stay.
How did Athens extend its colonial interests overseas?
Athens established cleruchies (military colonies) in strategic locations and controlled trade routes across the Aegean.
What political reforms of Ephialtes and Pericles increased democracy?
Ephialtes weakened the aristocratic Areopagus, while Pericles introduced paid public offices, allowing more citizens to participate.
How were Athenian citizens raised and socialized?
Boys were educated in rhetoric, philosophy, and military training, while girls were prepared for domestic roles.
Summarize Athenian marriage and the role of women.
Women were expected to manage the household and had little political power; marriage was arranged for economic and social reasons.
Describe the main features of the Athenian economy.
Based on trade, agriculture, and tribute from empire members; metics played a key role in commerce.
Was Athens really a democracy in the fifth century?
While it was more democratic than other states, only male citizens could participate, excluding women, slaves, and metics.
To what extent did Athens’ success rely on imperialism?
Athens’ wealth and power depended on forcing Delian League members to pay tribute and provide resources.
How did Athenian society, economy, and politics differ from Sparta?
Athens emphasized democracy, trade, and arts, while Sparta was a militaristic oligarchy with a strict social system.
How did leaders like Pisistratus and Pericles use building projects for political goals?
Monumental architecture like the Parthenon showcased Athenian dominance and promoted civic pride.
How original were Classical Greek monuments?
They followed traditional architectural forms but refined proportions and artistic expression.
What were the main features of the Parthenon?
A Doric temple with optical refinements, intricate sculptures, and a massive statue of Athena.
What are some design refinements of the Parthenon?
Subtle curves in columns and floors to create visual harmony and counteract optical illusions.
What are the main features of the Erectheum?
Asymmetrical layout, Ionic columns, and the famous Caryatid Porch.
What was the agora?
The social, political, and commercial center of Athens, hosting markets, debates, and assemblies.
What are the main features of Classical Greek architecture?
Use of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, symmetrical proportions, and emphasis on harmony.
What distinguishes Classical sculpture from Archaic sculpture?
Classical sculptures showed realistic movement, anatomy, and expressions, unlike the rigid Archaic style.
