Unit 7: Imperial Athens 479–431 BCE: Objectives Flashcards
Q: Explain the rise of Athens to imperial status and its rivalry with Sparta between 479 and 431 BCE.
A: Athens led the Delian League after the Persian Wars, transforming it into an empire by controlling its allies and using tribute for naval expansion. Sparta, leading the Peloponnesian League, opposed Athenian dominance, leading to rising tensions and ultimately the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE.
Q: Describe the development of democracy in Athens between 479 and 431 BCE.
A: Reforms by Ephialtes and Pericles reduced aristocratic power and expanded democracy. The Areopagus lost influence, while the boule and ekklesia gained control. Pericles introduced paid public offices, allowing more citizens to participate in government.
Q: Summarize the main features of Athenian society and economy.
A: Athenian society was hierarchical, with male citizens engaging in politics, military, and philosophy. Women had limited rights, and metics (foreigners) played key roles in trade. The economy relied on agriculture, trade, and Delian League tribute.
Q: Describe the building campaign under Pericles, and explain its political significance.
A: Pericles used Delian League funds to rebuild Athens, commissioning structures like the Parthenon. These projects symbolized Athenian supremacy, reinforced its imperial power, and provided jobs, strengthening public support for democracy.
Q: Identify the main features of Classical architecture and sculpture.
A: Classical architecture emphasized symmetry, proportion, and harmony, seen in refined columns and balanced designs like the Parthenon. Sculpture shifted from rigid Archaic forms to idealized, lifelike human figures, showing movement and emotion.
