Unit 12: The Rise of Macedon and Alexander the Great: Terms Flashcards
Alexander the Great
King of Macedon (r. 336–323 BCE), he conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture across Asia. His military strategy and vision shaped the Hellenistic world.
Alexandria in Egypt
A city founded by Alexander in 331 BCE, it became a major cultural and intellectual center of the Hellenistic world, home to the famous Library of Alexandria.
Arrian
A Roman historian (2nd century CE) who wrote Anabasis of Alexander, providing a detailed military account of Alexander’s campaigns based on earlier sources.
Battle of Gaugamela
A decisive battle in 331 BCE where Alexander defeated Darius III, securing control over the Persian Empire. His use of superior tactics overcame Persian numerical superiority.
Battle of Issus
A battle in 333 BCE where Alexander defeated Darius III, capturing his family and proving his ability to defeat the Persian king directly.
Corinthian League
An alliance of Greek city-states formed by Philip II after the Battle of Chaeronea, forcing unity under Macedonian leadership to invade Persia.
Hellenistic kingdoms
The successor states that emerged after Alexander’s death, ruled by his generals. They blended Greek and local cultures in Egypt, Persia, and Asia Minor.
Hellenistic poleis
Greek-style cities established in Alexander’s empire, promoting Greek culture, trade, and administration across Asia and the Mediterranean.
Macedonian phalanx
A military formation developed by Philip II, using long spears (sarissas) and tight ranks. It was key to Macedon’s success against Greek and Persian forces.
Philip II of Macedon –
King of Macedon (r. 359–336 BCE), he reformed the army, expanded Macedonian power, and set the stage for Alexander’s conquests.
Plutarch
A Greek biographer (1st–2nd century CE) who wrote Life of Alexander, providing moral and character-based insights into Alexander’s leadership and flaws.
