Unit 7

Question 1

Scala Naturae, was a student of Plato

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

two distinctly different worlds, Real and perfect world

Answer 2

Plato

Question 3

Father of Taxonomy but only had two kingdoms in his system.

Answer 3

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 4

Taxon from most inclusive to least inclusive

Answer 4

Domain, Kingdoms, Phylums, Classes, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 5

Famous Paleontologist, Theory of Catastrophism

Answer 5

Georges Cuvier

Question 6

tries to explain why organisms seem to suddenly disappear

Answer 6

Theory of Catastrophism

Question 7

Natural selection is ___

Answer 7

positive

Question 8

single gene trait, black or white

Answer 8

Phenotypic Polymorphism (A.K.A. Discrete Characters.)

Question 9

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection - book

Answer 9

Darwin

Question 10

in Nature there are different levels of success in reproduction based on the ability to survive in that environment

Answer 10

Natural Selection

Question 11

man selects what traits are desirable (beneficial) in a species.

Answer 11

Artificial Selection

Question 12

Four items that define a population

Answer 12

1. Same species of organism.
2. In the same place.
3. At the same time.
4. and showing signs of reproduction.

Question 13

include skeletal structure, limb structure, or

cephalization - “same”

Answer 13

Homologous Structures

Question 14

organs that appear to have been needed in the past, but are slowly
disappearing

Answer 14

Vestigial organs

Question 15

common stages of development that embryos go through

Answer 15

Embryological Homologies`

Question 16

refers to DNA nucleotide sequences being exact in order and function

Answer 16

Molecular Homologies

Question 17

geographic distribution of species. (Where a species is found.)

Answer 17

Biogeography

Question 18

a species that is only found in one place on earth

Answer 18

Endemic

Question 19

only visually appear to be to be closely related simply because they evolved in similar environments under similar environmental pressures

Answer 19

Convergent Evolution

Question 20

have the same function but different ancestry

Answer 20

Analogous Structures

Question 21

indicates common ancestry

Answer 21

Homologous

Question 22

organisms that are so genetically similar in genome that there exists the potential to breed and produce viable fertile offspring.

Answer 22

Species

Question 23

in one specific given area

Answer 23

population

Question 24

cover a wider expanse of territory

Answer 24

Geographic range

Question 25

5 conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

Answer 25

1. Large population must exist. 2. No migration in or out of the population is occurring at that time. 3. No mutations are occurring within the genome. 4. Random mating is occurring 5. No natural selection is occurring on the population at this time.

Question 26

Different traits exist within a given species or population

Answer 26

Variation

Question 27

Evolution/change on a small scale

Answer 27

Microevolution

Question 28

The evolution of a new species or higher taxon in the classification system from a pre-existing species. - Evolution/Change on a large scale - evolution of a new taxon from a pre existing taxon

Answer 28

macroevolution

Question 29

several genes involved in the trait

Answer 29

Genotypic Polymorphisms (A.K.A. Quantitative Characters.)

Question 30

(Modes or ways of selection “affecting” phenotypic outcomes.

Answer 30

Evolutionary flow

Question 31

trait flows in one direction only.

Answer 31

Directional

Question 32

separates in opposite directions at the same time.

Answer 32

Diversifying

Question 33

moves to the “stable” center.

Answer 33

Stabilizing

Question 34

No survival benefit or harm (finger prints)

Answer 34

Neutral Variation

Question 35

The two “versions” (male or female)

Answer 35

Sexual Dimorphism

Question 36

within one same sex”) a. Males mainly “fight” for reproductive rights. (It becomes “Survival of the fittest”, basically.)

Answer 36

Intrasexual selection

Question 37

between the two sexes”) | a. Males strut to attract the females attention.

Answer 37

Intersexual selection

Question 38

Theory of Gradualism and Geologist

Answer 38

James Hutton

Question 39

earth must be very, very | old

Answer 39

Theory of Gradualism

Question 40

Principles of Geology and the Theory of Uniformitarianism

Answer 40

Charles Lyell

Question 41

same geologic processes that are occurring today, also occurred in the past

Answer 41

Theory of Uniformitarianism

Question 42

half-life of radioactive elements that accumulate in an organism over time.

Answer 42

Absolute “Radiometric” dating

Question 43

different strata of rock and index fossils to establish a time line

Answer 43

Relative Dating

Question 44

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 44

Stephen Jay Gould

Question 45

ong periods of stability are interrupted suddenly by a major disruption(such as an asteroid hitting the earth) that causes a mass extinction of existing species to occur. Once all disruption has calmed down, a mass evolution of new species will occur

Answer 45

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 46

largest periods of time.

Answer 46

Eras

Question 47

Eras are broken into smaller time frames called

Answer 47

Periods

Question 48

super-continent

Answer 48

Pangaea

Question 49

Formed 750 mya lasted til 570 mya

Answer 49

Snowball Earth

Question 50

Trait that is common to many taxons or clades

Answer 50

Shared Primitive Character

Question 51

Trait that is common to one clade only

Answer 51

Shared Derived Character

Question 52

common structure

Answer 52

Ingroup

Question 53

outcast

Answer 53

outgroup

Question 54

Father of Taxonomy

Answer 54

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 55

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Answer 55

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Question 56

If an organism uses a body part routinely it must be of importance and therefore that body part will be passed on to the next generation. If an organism does not use a body part, it will disappear over time because it must not be important.

Answer 56

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics