Unit 7 Flashcards
Scala Naturae, was a student of Plato
Aristotle
two distinctly different worlds, Real and perfect world
Plato
Father of Taxonomy but only had two kingdoms in his system.
Carolus Linnaeus
Taxon from most inclusive to least inclusive
Domain, Kingdoms, Phylums, Classes, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Famous Paleontologist, Theory of Catastrophism
Georges Cuvier
tries to explain why organisms seem to suddenly disappear
Theory of Catastrophism
Natural selection is ___
positive
single gene trait, black or white
Phenotypic Polymorphism (A.K.A. Discrete Characters.)
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection - book
Darwin
in Nature there are different levels of success in reproduction based on the ability to survive in that environment
Natural Selection
man selects what traits are desirable (beneficial) in a species.
Artificial Selection
Four items that define a population
- Same species of organism.
- In the same place.
- At the same time.
- and showing signs of reproduction.
include skeletal structure, limb structure, or
cephalization - “same”
Homologous Structures
organs that appear to have been needed in the past, but are slowly
disappearing
Vestigial organs
common stages of development that embryos go through
Embryological Homologies`
refers to DNA nucleotide sequences being exact in order and function
Molecular Homologies
geographic distribution of species. (Where a species is found.)
Biogeography
a species that is only found in one place on earth
Endemic
only visually appear to be to be closely related simply because they evolved in similar environments under similar environmental pressures
Convergent Evolution
have the same function but different ancestry
Analogous Structures
indicates common ancestry
Homologous
organisms that are so genetically similar in genome that there exists the potential to breed and produce viable fertile offspring.
Species
in one specific given area
population
cover a wider expanse of territory
Geographic range
5 conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem
- Large population must exist.
- No migration in or out of the population is occurring at that time.
- No mutations are occurring within the genome.
- Random mating is occurring
- No natural selection is occurring on the population at this time.
Different traits exist within a given species or population
Variation
Evolution/change on a small scale
Microevolution
The evolution of a new species or higher taxon in the classification system from a pre-existing species. - Evolution/Change on a large scale - evolution of a new taxon from a pre existing taxon
macroevolution
several genes involved in the trait
Genotypic Polymorphisms (A.K.A. Quantitative Characters.)
(Modes or ways of selection “affecting” phenotypic outcomes.
Evolutionary flow
trait flows in one direction only.
Directional
separates in opposite directions at the same time.
Diversifying
moves to the “stable” center.
Stabilizing
No survival benefit or harm (finger prints)
Neutral Variation
The two “versions” (male or female)
Sexual Dimorphism
within one same sex”)
a. Males mainly “fight” for reproductive rights. (It becomes “Survival of the
fittest”, basically.)
Intrasexual selection
between the two sexes”)
a. Males strut to attract the females attention.
Intersexual selection
Theory of Gradualism and Geologist
James Hutton
earth must be very, very
old
Theory of Gradualism
Principles of Geology and the Theory of Uniformitarianism
Charles Lyell
same geologic processes that are occurring today, also occurred in the past
Theory of Uniformitarianism
half-life of radioactive elements that accumulate in an organism over time.
Absolute “Radiometric” dating
different strata of rock and index fossils to establish a time line
Relative Dating
Punctuated Equilibrium
Stephen Jay Gould
ong periods of stability are interrupted
suddenly by a major disruption(such as an asteroid hitting the earth) that causes a mass extinction of existing species to occur. Once all disruption has calmed down, a mass evolution of new species will occur
Punctuated Equilibrium
largest periods of time.
Eras
Eras are broken into smaller time frames called
Periods
super-continent
Pangaea
Formed 750 mya lasted til 570 mya
Snowball Earth
Trait that is common to many taxons or clades
Shared Primitive Character
Trait that is common to one clade only
Shared Derived Character
common structure
Ingroup
outcast
outgroup
Father of Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
If an organism uses a body part routinely it must be of importance and therefore that body part will be passed on to the next generation. If an organism does not use a body part, it will disappear over time because it must not be important.
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
