8.1 - 8.3 Flashcards
Characteristics,of,living,things
- Have cells
- Use energy
- Respond to environment
- Adapt to environment
- Reproduce
- Grow and develop
Father,of,Taxonomy
Carolus,Linnaeus
Order of taxons
DKPCOFGS
First person to isolate a virus - Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Wendell Stanley
contain very small amounts of DNA or RNA
Virus
Viral Protein Coat
Capsid
The Capsid
- Protection of the DNA or RNA strands inside
* Attachment of the virus to a host cell
These are viruses that attack bacteria
Bacteriophages
Viruses must have a ___ in order to reproduce
host cell
Viruses need to use the host cells ribosomes and enzymes to
make new DNA or RNA strands and new capsomeres to form new viruses
what organisms a virus can attack
Host Range
- found in bacteria, act as primitive defense against viruses
- only cut at certain nucleotide sequences.
Restriction enzymes
an enzyme, to turn RNA into DNA (transcription
backwards)
reverse transcriptase
big outbreak in one area
Epidemic
global outbreak
Pandemic
infectious RNA molecules, attack plants only
Viroids
infectious proteins
Prions
Two Domains of Bacteria
Bacteria (common) and Archaea (extremophiles) - difference in the small subunit of the ribosome’s RNA sequence
All prokaryotes are
unicellular
Three basic shapes of prokaryotes
- Cocci (round)
- Bacilli (rod)
- Helical (spiral)
Most prokaryotes will have a
cell wall to protect of the underlying cell membrane
cell wall is mainly composed of proteins and sugars called
peptidoglycan
Gram + (stain blue) They possess a…
thick peptidoglycan layer
Gram - (stain Red and are usually resistant to antibiotics) These posses a…
thin peptidoglycan layer between phospholipids layers
movement in response to a stimulus
Taxis
Bacterial reproduction
Binary Fission
must intake oxygen
Obligate Aerobes
can be both. They can “function” with or without oxygen
Facultative Anaerobes
must be without oxygen
Obligate Anaerobes
Produce Methane gas
Methanogens
salt lovers
Halophiles
heat lovers
Thermophiles heat lovers
