2.1 Basic Chemistry Flashcards
A. Anything that takes up space and has mass to it.
Matter
A. The simplest form of a substance that cannot be broken apart and still have the properties of that element.
Element
A. Two or more elements bonded together resulting in new chemical properties to emerge for the compound.
Compound
The smallest unit of matter with set chemical properties.
Atom
Small parts that make up atoms.
Subatomic Particles
Carry a positive charge. They are located in the nucleus of an atom. The number of it never changes in an element.
Proton
Carry no charge, which is called neutral. They are also located in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
negative charge. They are located outside the nucleus in the “Electron cloud”.
Electrons
Two or more atoms bonded together
Molecule
usually shown as subscript on the Periodic Table.
B. It refers to the number of protons only in that element.
Atomic Number
the number of protons and neutrons together in that element or molecule.
Mass Number
Atoms that possess different numbers of neutrons than the normal amount for that element and thereby have different mass numbers. They usually have the same chemical properties as the normal element, but the physical properties maybe different. Most isotopes are radioactive.
Isotopes
comes from the rapid movement of electrons (e-) normally, but it could be neutrons too.
Energy
electrons bonded
Potential Energy
The electrons moving
Kinetic Energy
strongest type of chemical bond. Results from sharing electrons between elements or molecules to fill both outer shells. They always create a molecule. Two or more atoms together of any kind.
Covalent Bonds
carry an electrical charge at opposite poles
Polar
a cation bonded to an anion to make a salt when dry
Ionic Compounds
possess a positive charge because it has more protons than electrons.
Cations
possess a negative charge because it has more electrons than protons. These love water because water is a polar molecule too.
Anions
airly strong bonds while dry weak in water so they dissolve into ions. These bonds are created by gaining or losing electrons between elements so that each element can fill its’ outer most shell.
Ionic Bonds
Fairly weak bonds. It is “like” a magnet). The most important biological bonds.
Hydrogen Bonds
To make a bond
requires energy to be consumed
To break a bond
gives off energy
Located on the left side of an equation
Reactants
Located on the right side of an equation.
Products
do not have an electrical charge.
Non Polar
