1.5 Cell Structure and Function - Pt. 2-3

Question 1

Cells spend 90% of their existence in this phase…

Answer 1

Interphase

Question 2

Interphase consists of these three parts…

Answer 2

G1, S, G2

Question 3

Is the ordinary, everyday growth, activity, or repair of the cell…

Answer 3

G1

Question 4

The DNA replicates or is synthesized during this phase…

Answer 4

S

Question 5

The cell and organelles mainly enlarge or replicate…

Answer 5

G2

Question 6

“Nucleus division” (First divide the DNA; then secondly the cytoplasm) Has four parts…

Answer 6

Mitosis

Question 7

Mitosis has these four parts…

Answer 7

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Question 8

Nuclear envelope is broken down and rearranged to make the spindle apparatus. The chromatin condenses to form “X” shaped chromosomes. Centrioles move toward the poles. (In animal cells only…plants use the cell wall)…

Answer 8

Prophase

Question 9

The replicated chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate (Middle of cell). The spindle apparatus attaches to the kinetochore (a part of the centromere) and
centrioles (the anchors)…

Answer 9

Metaphase

Question 10

Replicated chromosomes are pulled apart into sister chromatids and each chromatid moves toward opposite ends of the cell. The spindle apparatus is being broken down as the two sister chromatids are “walked” toward the poles by the motor protein using ATP…

Answer 10

Anaphase

Question 11

The nuclear envelope is rebuilt by using broken down spindle apparatus pieces. The chromatids begin to decondense back to their chromatin state…

Answer 11

Telophase

Question 12

The division of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm and cell organelles are separated to produce two daughter cells….

Answer 12

Cytokinesis

Question 13

The cells are tired and take a brief break and rest…

Answer 13

G0 (Zero growth phase)

Question 14

These structures are formed from the broken down cytoskeleton and nuclear envelope. The construction starts at the centrosome and works toward the chromosomes. They attach to the replicated chromosomes. Motor Protein “walks” the sister chromatids toward the opposite ends using ATP by phosphorylation. Non-kinetochore spindles are used to “push” the poles farther apart to help produce the cleavage furrow…

Answer 14

Spindle Apparatus

Question 15

The new cell wall develops, using small segments of cellulose, instead of a cleavage furrow…

Answer 15

Cell Plate

Question 16

The process of Reproduction/Replication in prokaryotes (bacteria)…

Answer 16

Binary Fission

Question 17

Crucial for normal growth and development, varies for each different type of cell, is controlled by molecules called Cyclins…

Answer 17

Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Question 18

Regulation of the Cell Cycle has how many check points?

Answer 18

Three

Question 19

No checkpoints exist within _______ , so there is no density-dependent inhibition…

Answer 19

Cancerous cells

Question 20

Abnormal growth…

Answer 20

Tumor

Question 21

starts with transformation of the DNA (mutation) in a cell…

Answer 21

Cancer

Question 22

Two main types of cancer are…

Answer 22

Benign and Malignant

Question 23

Type of cancer, usually not deadly. Easy to cure by removal of the tumor…

Answer 23

Benign

Question 24

It can be deadly. Normally treated with chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery…

Answer 24

Malignant