Unit 6 IDS Flashcards
Ch.10, Pg. 347 - E,S,P,N
Industrial Revolution
A: A period of significant industrial growth and technological advancement in factories allowing for mass production.
B: Caused, Romanticism, Realism, gave birth to modern day Capitalism, which then in turn gave birth to socialism, which lead to comuinisum, changed : men became the bread winners and women became stay at home wives. Rapid population growth leads to: shortage of resources, starvation, overcrowding, dezise, etc.
Ch. 10 Pg. 372 - E,S,N
Spinning Jenny
A: A multi-spindle spinning frame invented by James Hargreaves
B: revolutionized the textile industry.
Ch. 10 Pg. 372 - E,S,I
Water Frame
A: A spinning frame that uses water power, invented by Richard Arkwright.
B: These breakthroughs (Water Frame and the Spinning Jenny) produced an explosion in the infant cotton textile industry in the 1780s, leading to an expansion of slavery and an influx of raw materials for British manufacturers.
Ch. 10 Pg. 375 - E,S,I
Steam Engines
A: Engines that use steam to generate power, invented in 1763 by a gifted young Scot named James Watt (1736–1819)
B: significantly impacted transportation and industry, allowed for increaced trade
Ch. 10 Pg. 375 - E,I,S
James Watt
A: A Scotish inventor and mechanical engineer
B: Invented the Steam Engine, Wich lead to numerous other advancements
Ch. 10 Pg. 376 - E,I,S
George Stephenson
A: An engineer known as the ‘Father of Railways’ for his work on locomotive engines.
B: Highly impacted trade, allowed people to travel long distances that would’ve taken months to traverse in a matter of days.
Ch. 10 Pg. 377 - E,P
Crystal Palace
A: Sponcerd by the royal family of Great Britan, the Crystal Palce was a cast-iron and glass structure built for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London. It was especially one MASSIVE greenhouse
B: Built for the Great Exhibition of 1851, the Crystal Palace was a spectacular achievement in engineering, prefabricated from 300,000 sheets of glass. With almost 15,000 exhibitors, the event constituted the first international industrial exhibition
Ch. 10 Pg. 378 - E,S,I
Thomas Malthus
A: An economist known for his essay on population growth and its implications.
B: Thomas Malthus (1766–1834) argued that population constantly tended to expand beyond the food available to support it, leading to misery and starvation.
Ch. 10 Pg. 378 - E,S,I
The Iron Law of Wages
A: Theory proposed by English economist David Ricardo highlighted the most pesemistic points from Thomas Malthus
B: Theory suggested that the pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above the subsistence level (wages would be just high enough to keep workers from starving.)
Ch. 10 Pg. 382 - E,S,P
Tariff Protection
A: Government protection of domestic industries (production in their own country) by imposing tariffs on imported goods
B: Customs agreements emerged among some German states starting in 1818, and in 1834 a number of states signed a treaty creating a customs union, or Zollverein. The treaty allowed goods to move between member states without tariffs, while erecting a single uniform tariff against other nations.
Ch. 10 Pg. 382 - E,S,P,N
Zollverein
A: A customs union of German states established to facilitate trade and economic unity.
B: Customs agreements emerged among some German states starting in 1818, and in 1834 a number of states signed a treaty creating a customs union, or Zollverein.
Ch. 10 Pg. 385 - E,S
The (British) Factory Act of 1833
A: A law aimed at improving conditions for children working in factories.
B: The Factory Acts constituted significant progress in preventing the exploitation of children
Ch. 10 Pg. 385 - E,S
Mines Act of 1842
A: Legislation that prohibited the employment of women and children underground in mines.
B: Interviewing employers and many male and female workers, the commissioners focused on the physical condition of the youth and on the sexual behavior of workers far underground. Their work helped bring about the Mines Act of 1842 that prohibited underground work for all women and girls (and for boys younger than ten).
Ch. 10 Pg. 391 - E,S
Separate Spheres
A: A social ideology that defined distinct roles for men and women in society. Men being the bread winners and women being domestic stay at home moms
B: Changed the way we see gender roles as a society
Ch. 10 Pg. 391 - E,S
The Luddites
A: A group of English workers who protested against industrialization by destroying machinery.
B: Doctors and reformers wrote of problems in the factories and new towns, while Malthus and Ricardo concluded that workers would earn only enough to stay alive.
Ch. 10 Pg. 393 - S,E,P
Friedrich Engels
A: A son of a wealthy Prussian cotton manufacturer, Friedrich Engels was a philosopher and social scientist who wrote about poverty in Great Britan during the industrial revolution
B: co-authored ‘The Communist Manifesto’ with Karl Marx.
Ch. 10 Pg. 362 - E,S,P
Class-consciousness
A: Awareness of one’s social class and its interests.
B: Working-class solidarity was strengthened through trade unions and collective actions such as strikes, while class identity among middle-class people was enhanced by membership in philanthropic, religious, and social associations.
Ch. 11 Pg. 406 - P,S,E
Congress of Vienna
A: Leading representatives of the Quadruple Alliance (plus a representative of the restored Bourbon monarch of France) — including Tsar Alexander I of Russia, King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia, Emperor Franz II of Austria, and their foreign ministers — met to fashion the peace at the Congress of Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815.
B: Such a face-to-face meeting of kings and emperors was very rare. Professional ambassadors and court representatives typically conducted state-to-state negotiations; now leaders engaged, for one of the first times. The conference thus marked an important transitional moment in Western history.
Ch. 11 Pg. 338 - P,S,N
The Quadruple Alliance
A: An alliance between Austria, Prussia, Russia, and the United Kingdom formed to maintain the balance of power, and to defeat the French emperor Napoleon.
B: Overthrew/defeated Napoleon Bonaparte.
Ch. 11 Pg. 338 - E,S,P
Klemens von Metternich
A: An Austrian diplomat and statesman
B: He played a key role in the Congress of Vienna.
Ch. 11 Pg.
What are the Karlsbad Decrees?
A series of repressive measures enacted in 1819 to suppress liberal and nationalist movements in the German states.
Ch. 11 Pg.
What is Liberalism?
A political ideology advocating for individual freedoms, democracy, and limited government.
Ch. 11 Pg.
What is Laissez-faire economics?
An economic philosophy of minimal government intervention in the economy.
Ch. 11 Pg.
What is Republicanism?
A political ideology centered on the idea of a republic and representative government.
