Unit 5: Transduction

Question 1

define kinase

Answer 1

enzyme that uses ATP to put a phosphate on a molecule

Question 2

define phosphatase

Answer 2

enzyme that removes phosphates

Question 3

define signal cascade/ phosphorylation cascades

Answer 3

serial arrangement of several kinases

Question 4

define 2nd messenger

Answer 4

small non-protein molecules that carry information inside the cell

Question 5

what are the 4 transduction pathways

Answer 5

phosphorylation cascades
cyclic AMP Pathway
IP3 Pathway
Ca+2 pathway

Question 6

draw the 4 transduction pathways

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

why/how cells respond in different ways to the same signal?

Answer 7

1. some have a receptor and some don’t

2. diff. transduction pathways –> diff. cell responses

Question 8

what is amplification

Answer 8

increasing ‘sound’ from the original signal “going viral”

Question 9

adenylyl cyclase is in what pathway and what does cyclase mean

Answer 9

Cyclic AMP Pathway

enzyme cycle

Question 10

Cyclic AMP pathway has what same letter and the words that associate with that letter

Answer 10

A

ATP
cAMP
Adenylyl cyclase
PKA

Question 11

Phospho Lipase C does what

Answer 11

Separates PIP2 to Ip3 head and DAG body

Question 12

CA+2 Pathway has what same letter and the words that associate with that letter

Answer 12

PLC
Ca+2
PKC

Question 13

cAMP pathway activates what

Answer 13

PKA

Question 14

IP3/Ca+2 pathway activates what

Answer 14

PKC

Question 15

what are the 3 cell responses

Answer 15

1. metabolic changes (enzymes on and off)
2. Cytoskeletal Changes (pseudopodia actin to stretch out and eat the thingor lamellipodiamigration )
3. Gene expression changes (DNA–> RNA–> Protein )