Unit 5: Mitosis

Question 1

what are the 5 stages of the cell cycle and what happens in each of them?

Answer 1

G1: cell growth, uncondensed single chromosome

S: synthesis, DNA replication, uncondensed duplicated

G2: Repair and check chromosomes, uncondensed duplicated

Mitosis: Divide DNA, condensed duplicated

Cytokinesis: Divide cell, condensed single chromosome

Question 2

What is condensed vs uncondensed chromosomes

Answer 2

condensed : Tightly packed DNA

uncondensed: loosely packed DNA

Question 3

chromosome vs chromatid

Answer 3

chromosome : single unit of double helical DNA

chromatid :1/2 of a duplicated chromosome pair

Question 4

Functions of centrosome

Answer 4

microtubule organizing center of cell, center of the spindle

Question 5

Functions of spindle

Answer 5

formed by microtubules that grow out from the two opposing centrosomes

Question 6

Functions of microtubule

Answer 6

made from the centrosome to attach to chromosomes

Question 7

Functions of centromere

Answer 7

region of DNA that builds the kinetochore

Question 8

Functions of kinetochore

Answer 8

protein structure that binds microtubules

Question 9

Functions of actin

Answer 9

synchs middle of cells to divide them

Question 10

Functions of cleavage furrow

Answer 10

indentation of cells surface that begins progression of cleavage

Question 11

Functions of cohesion

Answer 11

protein that keeps sister chromatids together

Question 12

Functions of seperase

Answer 12

protein that cuts cohesin

Question 13

what happens in 5 stages of mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 13

Prophase: Prepare DNA condensed and build spindle app.

prometaphase: use, nuclear envelope broken, chromosome attach to spindle
metaphase: check attachments, chromosomes align at metaphase plate(middle), check attachments
anaphase: split DNA, chromosomes split(seperase cute cohesin), microtubules shorten
telophase: Protect DNA, chromosomes uncondensed, nucleus reforms
cytokinesis: Split cell, actin contractile ring splits cells