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Bio180 > Unit 2: carbohydrates > Flashcards

Unit 2: carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

when the carbonyl is in the end of a chain

A

aldo

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2
Q

when carbonyl is in the middle of a chain

A

keto

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3
Q

different carbon names are based on how many

A

carbon

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4
Q

carbon name for 2,3.4,5,6,7

A

di,tri,tetr,pent,hex,sept

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5
Q

anomeric carbon

A

bond to 2 separate oxygen

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6
Q

monosaccharide functional groups

A

multiple hydroxyl groups, only one carbonyl group

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7
Q

function of monosaccharide

A

provide energy and building blocks for other molecules

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8
Q

monosaccharide can form into what shape

A

rings

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9
Q

alpha and beta structure depends on where _____ is

A

anomeric hydroxyl group

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10
Q

glucose is

A

most common and important

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11
Q

fructose

A

component of table sugar, common energy intermediate

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12
Q

galactose

A

component of lactose, often found in oligosaccharides

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13
Q

ribose/deoxyribose

A

pentose sugars used to make DNA/RNA

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14
Q

disaccharides are? what link

A

two monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic linkage

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15
Q

glycosidic linkage

A

condensation between two hydroxyl groups, one is always an anomeric carbon

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16
Q

disaccharides primarily for

A

energy storage

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17
Q

Maltose

A

glucose + glucose

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18
Q

sucrose

A

glucose + fructose

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19
Q

lactose

A

glucose + galactose

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20
Q

polysaccharides

A

macromolecules, polymers of monosaccharides, 10-100s of subunits long

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21
Q

polysaccharides examples

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

22
Q

alpha formation

A

anomeric hydroxyl group below ring

23
Q

beta formation

A

anomeric hydroxyl group above ring

24
Q

storage polysaccharides are made from

A

alpha-monomers

25
Q

structural polysaccharides are made from

A

beta monomers

26
Q

storage polysaccharides include

A

complex carbs, starch (planets), glycogen (animals)

28
Q

storage polysaccharides features

A

digestible, helical phone cord structure and store energy

29
Q

glycogen

A

storage polysaccharide

1-6 linkages to form branches

30
Q

branches are good for

A

releasing energy more at once, not for storage

31
Q

structural polysaccharides

A

dietary fiber, cellulose (plants), chitin (insects, crustaceans)

32
Q

cellulose made from

A

beta glucose, 1-4 linkages

33
Q

structural polysaccharides structure

A

straight linear structure that hydrogen bonds with other strands to form woody fiber

34
Q

animals do not have enzymes to break down/ digest

A

beta 1-4 linkages

35
Q

oligosaccharides

A

sugars of 3-40 monomers, many different simple sugars,

highly branched

36
Q

oligosaccharides function

A

cell recognition/signaling and cell defense

37
Q

blood types result from

A

oligosaccharides

38
Q

amylose

A

plants

storage alpha 1-4 helical

39
Q

amylopectin

A

plants
storage
alpha 1-4 helical
alpha 1-4 branches

40
Q

glycogen

A

storage animals
alpha 1-4 helical
alpha 1-4 branches

41
Q

cellulose

A

structural plants

beta 1-4 lines (wood)

42
Q

chitin

A

structural animals

beta 1-4 lines (exoskeleton)

43
Q

storage

A

plants: amylose, amylopectin
animal: glycogen

44
Q

structural

A

plants: cellulose
animals: chitin

45
Q

how to tell beta from a structure

A

top, two oxygens are close together and they are up

46
Q

how to tell alpha from a structure

A

bottom, oxygens are across and one is facing down

47
Q

monosaccharides 4 main points

A
  1. glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose
  2. general naming (kato vs aldo; di, tri,tetra, penta, hexa)
  3. find anomeric carbon
  4. # a chain
48
Q

main 2 points of disaccharides

A
  1. glycosidic bond used two diff. hydroxyl

2. maltose, sucrose, lactose

49
Q

main 2 points of oligosaccharides

A
  1. highly branched

2. cell recognition and cell defense

50
Q

main 2&3 points for polysaccharides

A

storage:
plants –> 1) amylose alpha 1-4 helical. 2) amylopectin: alpha 1-4 helical and alpha 1-6 branched. 3) animal –> glycogen: a1-4 helical and a1-6 branched

structural:
plants –> 1) cellulose: b1-4 lines (wood). animals –> 2) chitin b1-4 lines (exoskeleton)

Bio180 (33 decks)

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