Unit 4: enzymes and Regulation Flashcards
what is energy of activation
energy needed to go ‘over the hump’/ strain and pull chemical bonds before being broken an formed into new and release energy
.
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what do enzymes do
help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.
catalyst (or enzymes) definition 2 things
lowers Ea(energy of activation) increase rate of reaction
Ea meaning
specific and efficient
energy of activation
- Specific – add amino acids in that order
- Efficient – ID what parts of molecule to break down
ΔG
delta G *free energy
bi-directional
substrate to product and vice versa
what is a substrate
a reactant that is going to or from product
active site is
binding site for substrates
what are cofactors and coenzymes
cofactor –> metal
coenzyme –> carbon based/ vitamins
what helps regulate enzymes 4 ways
phosphorylation
temp
pH
cofactor/coenzyme
temp effects enzymes by
cold little to no activity but if too hot it all tops b/c they die (denature- break weak bonds)
pH affects enzymes by
not as dramatic as temp but there is an optimal pH
what are enzymes made of
protein
phosphorylation
if active site if open add ATP and it closes it and becomes Inactive with phosphate attached to the active site with ADP left
BUT
if inactive site if closed and add ATP and it opens it and becomes active with phosphate attached somewhere but the active site and ADP left
types of inhibitors and activators 3 things
Competitive inhibition
Allosteric regulation/ Non-competitive regulation
Feedback regulation
competitive
blocks active site
non-competitive(allosteric)
dont touch active site
if open and an enzyme attaches to it (not in the active site) it will become inactive
BUT
if active site is closed and an enzymes attaches to it (not active site) it will become active
feedback
if an substrate somewhere in the line comes and binds to the enzyme
if attach to active site its called competitive
if attach to nonactive site it’s called non-competitive
transition state helps do what
break old bonds and form new ones
how does catalyst in relation with enzymes work
orientates and helps make feel comfortable breaking octet
