Unit 4: enzymes and Regulation

Question 1

what is energy of activation

Answer 1

energy needed to go ‘over the hump’/ strain and pull chemical bonds before being broken an formed into new and release energy

Question 2

.

Answer 2

.

Question 3

what do enzymes do

Answer 3

help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

Question 4

catalyst (or enzymes) definition 2 things

Answer 4

lowers Ea(energy of activation)
increase rate of reaction

Question 5

Ea meaning

specific and efficient

Answer 5

energy of activation

• Specific – add amino acids in that order
• Efficient – ID what parts of molecule to break down

Question 6

ΔG

Answer 6

delta G *free energy

Question 7

bi-directional

Answer 7

substrate to product and vice versa

Question 8

what is a substrate

Answer 8

a reactant that is going to or from product

Question 9

active site is

Answer 9

binding site for substrates

Question 10

what are cofactors and coenzymes

Answer 10

cofactor –> metal

coenzyme –> carbon based/ vitamins

Question 11

what helps regulate enzymes 4 ways

Answer 11

phosphorylation
temp
pH
cofactor/coenzyme

Question 12

temp effects enzymes by

Answer 12

cold little to no activity but if too hot it all tops b/c they die (denature- break weak bonds)

Question 13

pH affects enzymes by

Answer 13

not as dramatic as temp but there is an optimal pH

Question 14

what are enzymes made of

Answer 14

protein

Question 15

phosphorylation

Answer 15

if active site if open add ATP and it closes it and becomes Inactive with phosphate attached to the active site with ADP left
BUT
if inactive site if closed and add ATP and it opens it and becomes active with phosphate attached somewhere but the active site and ADP left

Question 16

types of inhibitors and activators 3 things

Answer 16

Competitive inhibition
Allosteric regulation/ Non-competitive regulation
Feedback regulation

Question 17

competitive

Answer 17

blocks active site

Question 18

non-competitive(allosteric)

Answer 18

dont touch active site

if open and an enzyme attaches to it (not in the active site) it will become inactive
BUT
if active site is closed and an enzymes attaches to it (not active site) it will become active

Question 19

feedback

Answer 19

if an substrate somewhere in the line comes and binds to the enzyme
if attach to active site its called competitive
if attach to nonactive site it’s called non-competitive

Question 20

transition state helps do what

Answer 20

break old bonds and form new ones

Question 21

how does catalyst in relation with enzymes work

Answer 21

orientates and helps make feel comfortable breaking octet