unit 2: nucleic Acids

Question 1

functional groups of nucleotide

Answer 1

sugar + phosphate + nitrogenous base

Question 2

nucleotide vs nucleic acid

Answer 2

Nucleotides are the monomers that make up a nucleic acid

Question 3

ribose

Answer 3

RNA, in cytosol, short term info (messenger)
nucleotides AGCU single strand
critical in cell energy cycle (ATP)
involved in protein synthesis

Question 4

deoxyribose

Answer 4

DNA, in nucleus, long term info storage, nucleotides AGCT double stranded

Question 5

nucleotide has 3 parts to it’s structure

Answer 5

nitrogenous base
pentose sugar
phosphate group

Question 6

5 nitrogenous bases

Answer 6

Adenine(pu)
thymine(py)
guanine(pu)
cytosine(py)
uracil(py)

Question 7

pyrimidine vs purine

Answer 7

pyrimidine: 1 ring, CUT
purine: 2 rings, AG

Question 8

what nitrogenous base is only in DNA

Answer 8

thimine

Question 9

2 things unique about Uracil

Answer 9

only in RNA and only pairs with A

Question 10

0

Answer 10

0

Question 11

what does 5’ (5 prime) and 3’ (3 prime) mean

Answer 11

refer to carbons of pentose sugar. 5 is usually head and 3 is tail

Question 12

nucleotides are polymerized into strand of nucleic acids by what bond

Answer 12

phosphodiester bond

Question 13

phosphodiester bond results in what functional groups

Answer 13

5’ phosphate and 3 prime hydroxyl group of pentose sugar

Question 14

pentoses and phosphate form repeating chain called

Answer 14

sugar phosphate backbone

Question 15

bases are where compared to backbone chain

Answer 15

extended out

Question 16

DNA has which purine and pyrimidines pair and how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 16

A - T 2

G-C 3

Question 17

RNA has which purine and pyrimidines pair and how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 17

A-U 2

G-C 3

Question 18

DNA bonding rules

Answer 18

%A=%T
%G=%C
%A+%G=50%

Question 19

When DNA makes DNA it’s called

Answer 19

replication

Question 20

when DNA copied into RNA is called

Answer 20

transcription

Question 21

when RNA copies are made to build Protein is called

Answer 21

translation