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Physiology 201 > Unit 5 Lecture 37 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Lecture 37 Flashcards

1
Q

What are general senses?

A

receptors all over the body EXCEPT in ‘sense’ organs

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2
Q

What are sense organs?

A

The organs responsible for the sense…. (nose, eyes, ears, tongue)

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of general senses?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Temperature
  3. Body position, touch, pressure
  4. Chemical stimuli
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4
Q

What are the receptors associated with the general senses?

A
  1. Nociceptors
  2. Thermoreceptors
  3. Mechanoreceptors
  4. Chemoreceptors
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5
Q

What are the two main types of chemoreceptors?

A

CO2 and O2

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6
Q

What are the two categories of general senses?

A

Somatic and visceral senses

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7
Q

Define somatic senses

A

Effect body surface

ex: surface temp, touch, pain, and muscle soreness

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8
Q

Define visceral senses

A

Effect internal organs

  • stomach ache, gut cramps
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9
Q

Define special senses

A

receptors in sense organs

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10
Q

What are the five types of special senses?

A
  1. Smell
  2. Taste
  3. Sight
  4. Balance / Equilibrium
  5. Sound
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11
Q

Where are the receptors found for the special senses?

A

Ear, nose, eye and tongue

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12
Q

What is true about all sensations?

A

No matter what the stimulus is, all senses are read in the CNS as ELECTRICAL signals

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13
Q

How do you tell between the different stimuli?

A

Receptors respond differently to different stimuli

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14
Q

Define receptive field

A

The area which one sensory afferent neuron can feel

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15
Q

What is true about stimuli in one receptive field?

A

No matter where the stimuli comes from, it makes a signal from the same sensory afferent neuron

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16
Q

What happens when the receptive field gets smaller?

A

Smaller receptive fields INCREASE receptor density

17
Q

What happens when you increase receptor density?

A

You can feel where the stimuli is coming from more specifically on your body

ex: Hand vs. arm test

18
Q

Define sensory transduction

A

The process by which a cell converts a stimulus (taste, sound etc) into an electrical signal

19
Q

What is the 1st step of sensory transduction?

A

Stimuli -> receptor and changes membrane potential

20
Q

How do stimuli change membrane potentials?

A

Depolarization or hyperpolarization

21
Q

Define receptor potential

A

Transmembrane potential difference made by the stimuli of a sensory receptor during sensory transduction

22
Q

What is the 2nd step in sensory transduction?

A

Receptor potential effects how fast an AP is made in a sensory neuron

23
Q

What is step 3 in sensory transduction?

A

APs travel to CNS along afferent (sensory) pathways

24
Q

What is step 4 in sensory transduction?

A

CNS interprets incoming signals

25
Q

Explain the interpretation of sensory input

A

The brain assumes any sensory signals reflect the stimulation by the appropriate stimuli

26
Q

How are all other characteristics of the stimuli conveyed?

A

Frequency and pattern of the incoming signals

27
Q

What is important about special senses vs. general senses?

A

Special senses are pickier about their stimuli

28
Q

Name the structure of the olfactory senses

A

Olfactory bulb neuron, olfactory nerve, Olfactory epithelium, olfactory receptor cells, dendrites, and odorant molecules

29
Q

What is the 1st step of olfactory transduction?

A

An odorant molecule (ligand) goes through mucus and binds to an olfactory receptor proteinbreaking off the G protein

30
Q

Step 2 of olfactory transduction

A

G proteins use ATP to activate Adenylate cyclase (ADC) into producing cAMP

31
Q

Step 3 of olfactory transduction

A

cAMP opens Na+ channels

32
Q

Step 4 of olfactory transduction

A

Na+ comes into cell -> depolarization -> triggers action potential

33
Q

Name the main components of gustation

A

Epiglottis, palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil, vallate papilla, fungiform papila, filiform papilla, and foliate papilla

34
Q

What is cool about taste buds?

A

Every taste bud has cells for each sense of taste (sweet, sour, etc)

35
Q

How does gustation work?

A

A specific molecule (ie sweet) will bind to the receptor on the matching (sweet) cell -> depolarize -> action potential goes to brain

Physiology 201 (38 decks)

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