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Physiology 201 > Unit 4 Lecture 32 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Lecture 32 Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic Division

1
Q

What are the 3 parts to the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Somatic, autonomic and enteric nervous system

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2
Q

Describe the somatic nervous system

A
  • somatic sensory (voluntary) ascend to CNS

- somatic motor (voluntary) descend to SKELETAL MUSCLE in PNS

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3
Q

Describe the autonomic nervous system

A
  • autonomic sensory (involuntary) ascend to CNS

- autonomic motor (involuntary) descend into ENTERIC NS or SMOOTH MUSCLE, CARDIAC MUSCLE and GLANDS

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4
Q

Why do we need the autonomic ns?

A

maintains breathing and cardiovascular function w/out consciousness (sleeping etc)

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5
Q

How does the autonomic ns opperate?

A
  • uses reflex arcs

- its controlled by centers in the hypothalamus and brain stem

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6
Q

What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic ns?

A

Autonomic:

  • Effectors - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
  • involuntary
  • 2 efferent neurons exit CNS

Somatic:

  • Effectors- skeletal
  • Voluntary
  • 1 efferent neuron exits CNS
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7
Q

What are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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8
Q

Define the sympathetic ns

A

fight or flight

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9
Q

Define the parasympathetic ns

A

rest or digest

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10
Q

Where do efferent neurons leave the SC in the somatic ns?

A

anterior horn (somatic motor)

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11
Q

Where do efferent neurons leave the SC in the autonomic ns?

A

lateral horn (visceral motor)

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12
Q

Name the first efferent neuron from the autonomic ns

A

Preganglionic neuron

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13
Q

What happens after the first efferent neuron leaves the CS

A

It synapses with another efferent neuron in a ganglion -> 2nd efferent neuron

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14
Q

name of the 2nd efferent neuron in autonomic ns

A

postganglionic neruon

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15
Q

Define ganglion

A

sensory cell bodies in the PNS

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16
Q

Where are most ganglia found?

A

near the spinal cord

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17
Q

Define thoracolumbar

A

preganglionic neurons begin in T1 and L2 regions

18
Q

What are 3 types of sympathetic ns ganglia

A
  1. sympathetic trunk (chain)
  2. Prevertebral ganglia (collateral)
  3. Adrenal medulla
19
Q

Describe the sympathetic trunk (chain)

A

paired ganglia near spinal cord

20
Q

What does the postganglionic neuron of the sympathetic trunk innervate?

A

Visceral organs in thoracic cavity

21
Q

Describe the prevertebral ganglia (collateral)

A

Anterior to vertebral bodies

22
Q

What does the postganglionic neuron of the prevertebral ganglia innervate?

A

abdominopelvic organs

23
Q

Describe the adrenal medulla

A

acts as a modified sympathetic ganglion

24
Q

What do postganglionic neurons in the adrenal medulla do?

A
  • they are short

- release NOREPINEPHRINE (20%) and EPINEPHRINE (80%) into blood stream

25
Q

What are norepinephrine and epinephrine called

A

catecholamines

26
Q

What makes up the sympathetic trunk?

A

3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar, and 4 sacral

27
Q

What makes up the prevertebral ganglia?

A

celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, and inferior mesenteric ganglion

28
Q

Define neurotransmitter

A

A chemical transmitter released by neurons to stimulate neighboring neurons/cells

29
Q

Describe the neurotransmitter process of the sympathetic ns

A
  1. preganglionic neurons release ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh)
  2. Binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptors on postganglionic cell body
  3. Postganglionic neurons release NOREPINEPHRINE (NE)
  4. Binds to adrenergic receptor on effector cell
30
Q

What are the two special cases of neurotransmitters?

A

Sweat glands and adrenal medulla

31
Q

Describe sweat glands as a neurotransmitter

A
  • Preganglionic neurons release ACh -> binds ** SAME

- postganglonic neurons release ACh (NOT NE) at the effector -> binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors at sweat gland

32
Q

Describe adrenal medulla as a neurotransmitter

A
  • Pregang. releases ACh
  • Chromaffin cells act as postgang. neurons & adrenal medulla acts as a modified ganglion
  • Chromaffin cells release Epinephrine and NE into blood
33
Q

When is NE a neurotransmitter?

A

When it is released from sympathetic nerve endings directly at target tissues (short lived)

34
Q

When is NE is a hormone

A

When it is released from the adrenal gland into the blood stream (longer lasting effects)

35
Q

What is epinephrine?

A

Hormone - bc it is released from the adrenal gland into the blood

Adrenaline

36
Q

Define adrenergic receptors

A

Things that bind epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) at effector tissues

37
Q

What are the 2 types of adrenergic receptors?

A
  1. Alpha adrenergic receptors

2. Beta adrenergic receptors

38
Q

Define Alpha adrenergic receptors

A
  • found in smooth muscle of arterioles, bladder

- results in CONSTRICTION

39
Q

Define beta adrenergic receptors

A
  • found in heart, bronchioles, liver

- causes INCREASED METABOLISM

40
Q

What is the goal of fight or flight

A

to increase mental alertness, energy availability (glucose) and ability to handle stress

41
Q

What are specific responses to the sympathetic ns?

A
  • mobilize fuels
  • redistribution of blood flow
  • decrease urinary output and digestive functions
  • Increase heart rate and blood pressure
  • Increase activity of sweat gland
  • increase diameter of bronchioles
  • dilation of pupils

Physiology 201 (38 decks)

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