U4 Lecture 28 Flashcards

- describe the location and function of the specific functional areas of the cortex as described in lecture - describe the general location and function of the basal nuclei - describe the location and function of the cerebral white matter - describe hemispheric lateralization

1
Q

What are the 3 functional areas of the cerebral cortex (grey matter)?

A
  1. Sensory areas
  2. Motor areas
  3. Association areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary motor area location and function

A

Location: precentral gyrus in frontal lobe

Function: voluntary activation of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Premotor area (motor association area) location and function

A

Location: anterior to primary motor area in the frontal lobe

Function: communicates with primary motor area and thalamus to coordinate complex learned movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary somatosensory area location and function

A

Location: post central gyrus in parietal lobe

Function: receives sensory impulses from sensory receptors responding to touch, temperature and proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are the sensory and motor areas important on the body?

A
  • entire body can be represented on them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define homunculus

A

Make believe sensory and motor men created to represent what parts of the body make up the most of the sensory and motor functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary visual area location and function

A

Location: medial portion of occipital lobe

Function: nervous signals traveling along the optic nerve provide information about color, shape, and movement of visual stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Visual association area location and function

A

Location: occipital lobe, anterior to the primary visual area

Function: visual memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary auditory area location and function

A

Location: superior portion of temporal lobe

Function: receives signals from vestibulocochlear nerve about sound (pitch, rhythm, and loudness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Auditory association area location and function

A

Location: temporal lobe, inferior and posterior to the primary auditory area (LEFT temporal lobe Only)

Function: interpretation and recognition of sound; determines if sound is speech, music or noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wernike’s Area (Auditory association) location and function

A

Location: temporal lobe, posterior to primary auditory area on LEFT lobe

Function: translates speech into thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Broca’s Area (Motor Speech) location and function

A

Location: frontal lobe - LEFT side

Function: controls muscles of vocal cords to speak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define aphasia

A

Acquired communication disorder that impairs a person’s ability to process language but does not affect intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common cause of aphasia

A

Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Broca’s aphasia vs. Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Broca’s = non-fluent aphasia

Wernicke’s = fluent aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Basal (genglia) Nuclei

A

centers of cell bodies deep in the cerebral cortex

  • grey matter spheres around the thalamus
17
Q

Functions of basal nuclei

A
  • helps starts and ends movements
  • suppresses unwanted movements
  • regulates muscle tone
  • controls subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles
18
Q

What cell bodies make up basal nuclei?

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus

19
Q

What is cerebral white matter?

A

Myelinated axons that are bound into large tracts

20
Q

Function of white matter

A

communicates between cerebral areas and other parts of the brain

21
Q

What are the 3 tracts of white matter?

A

Association tracts, commissural tracts, and projection tracts

22
Q

Function of association tract

A

Contain axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri (plural gyrus) in the same hemisphere

23
Q

Function of commissural tract

A

conducts nerve impulses between corresponding gyri from one hemisphere to another

24
Q

Function of projection tract

A

Convey impulses to lower parts of the CNS (thalamus, brain stem, or spinal cord) or vice versa

25
What is the corpus callosum?
1/3 of commissural tracts Thick band of axons that connects corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
26
What are the other two groups of the commissural tract?
anterior and posterior commissures
27
Define hemispheric laterization
each hemisphere specializes in performing unique functions
28
Left hemisphere
Language, Logic, and Reason
29
Right hemisphere
Music, Face recognition, Visual imagery, Spatial abilities