U1 Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the characteristics of living systems?

Answer 1

• Metabolism
• Responsiveness
• Movement
• Growth and Differentiation
• Reproduction

Question 2

Define Metabolism

Answer 2

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

Question 3

What makes up Metabolism?

Answer 3

Catabolism and Anabolism

Question 4

Define catabolism

Answer 4

The breakdown of large molecules into small ones

Question 5

Define Anabolism

Answer 5

The construction of larger molecules from small ones

Question 6

Define Responsiveness

Answer 6

The ability to respond to change in the internal or external environment

Question 7

Define Movement

Answer 7

The transition at any structural level between the body, an organ, a cell, or cell component

Question 8

Define Growth and Differentiation

Answer 8

Growth = Increase in number or size of cells or the material found between cells
Differentiation = Specialization of cells for a specific purpose

Question 9

Define Reproduction

Answer 9

Formation of new cells and the formation of new individuals

Question 10

What are the levels of Structural Organization?

Answer 10

• Chemical Level
• Cellular Level
• Tissue Level
• Organ Level
• Organ System Level
• Organismic Level

Question 11

What is the chemical level?

Answer 11

The atomic or molecular level

Question 12

What is the cellular level?

Answer 12

The smallest living unit of the body

Question 13

What is the tissue level?

Answer 13

A group of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together on one task

Question 14

What is the organ level?

Answer 14

Grouping of 2+ tissue types into a recognizable structure with specific functions

Question 15

What is the organ system level?

Answer 15

Collection of related organs with a common function

Question 16

What is the organismic level?

Answer 16

One living individual

Question 17

Define Homeostasis

Answer 17

The condition in which the body’s internal environment remains relatively constant within physiological limits

Question 18

Explain the Scientific Method

Answer 18

1. Observation
2. Hypothesis and Prediction
3. Experimental Testing
4. Analysis and Conclusion
5. Development of a new hypothesis

Question 19

Physiological Limit and Viability

Answer 19

Living systems exist within limits of heat, moisture, pressure, and chemical conposition

Question 20

How is homeostasis maintained?

Answer 20

Feedback loops

Question 21

Define negative feedbackloops

Answer 21

• original stimulus is reversed
• most feedback systems in the body are negative
• used for conditions that need frequent adjustment
• EX: body temp, blood sugar levels
• EX: body temp increases and systems in the body will then lower it

Question 22

Define positive feedback loops

Answer 22

• original stimulus is intensified

- EX: normal childbirth

Question 23

Define Steady State

Answer 23

A ‘constant’ state maintained through time

- Maintenance of homeostasis is energetically ‘expensive’

Question 24

Define Equilibrium

Answer 24

A constant state achieved without energy expenditure

- Equilibrium is a special case of Steady-State

Question 25

Define Anatomy

Answer 25

The study of body structures

Question 26

Define Physiology

Answer 26

The study of body functions