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Physiology 201 > U2 Lecture 8 > Flashcards

U2 Lecture 8 Flashcards

- List the 3 structural classification of articulations - List and describe the 3 functional classifications of articulations - DEfine the subtypes of the 3 functional classifications of articulations discussed in lecture and give examples of each - Define the basic components of a synovial joint - List the functions of synovial fluid - Describe the shoulder, elbow, and knee joint bone features and ligaments or tendons as discussed - Describe the bone features of the temporomandibular join

1
Q

Define articulations

A

points of contact between bones, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth

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2
Q

define arthrology

A

the study of joints

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3
Q

define kinesiology

A

the study of body motion

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4
Q

What is the relationship between joint stability and mobility?

A

The more stable a joint, the less mobile the body is and vice versa

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5
Q

What are the 3 joint articulations classified by structure?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginouos and synovial

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6
Q

Fibrous articulations

A

Dense irregular CT between bones

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7
Q

Cartilaginous articulations

A

Hyaline cartilage between bones

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8
Q

Synovial articulations

A

Fluid (synovial fluid) between bones

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9
Q

What are the 3 joint articulations classified by function?

A

Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis

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10
Q

Define synarthrosis articulations

A

immovable joints

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11
Q

3 types of synarthroses

A
  1. Suture (fibrous) ex: sutures in skull
  2. Gomphosis (fibrous) ex: alveoli
  3. Synchondrosis (cartilaginous) ex: epiphyseal plate
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12
Q

Define amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable joints

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13
Q

3 types of amphiarthroses

A
  1. Syndesmosis (fibrous) ex: anterior tibiofibular ligament
  2. Interosseous membrane (fibrous) ex: interosseous membrane on fibula/tibia
  3. Symphysis (cartilaginous) public symphysis
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14
Q

Define diarthrosis

A

freely moveable joints

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15
Q

Types of diarthroses

A

Gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket

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16
Q

Example of gliding joint

A

Planar joint between the navicular and second and third cuneiforms of the tarsus in the foot

17
Q

Ex of hinge joint

A

Hinge joint between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna at the elbow

18
Q

Ex of pivot joint

A

pivot joint between head of radius and radial notch of ulna

19
Q

Ex of condyloid joint

A

condyloid joint between radius and scaphoid and lunate bones of the carpus

20
Q

Ex of saddle joint

A

Saddle joint between trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb

21
Q

Ex of ball-and-socket joint

A

Ball-and-socket joint between head of the femur and acetabulum of the hip bone

22
Q

What type of joining tissue is in diarthrosis joints?

A

Synovial tissue

23
Q

What is the structure of diarthroses? (synovial joints)

A

Articulating bone, periosteum, articular joint capsule, fibrous membrane, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, synovial joint cavity (contains synovial fluid)

24
Q

What are the functions of synovial fluid?

A
  1. Lubrication of the joint
  2. Provision of nutrients to articular cartilage (which is avascular)
  3. Shock absorption
25
Q

What are accessory structures of synovial joints?

A

Bursae, menisci (articular discs), ligaments (intracapsular and extracapsular), and tendons

26
Q

Shoulder joint articulation characteristics

A
  • diarthrosis - freely movable
  • highly mobile tri-axial joint (more prone to injury)
  • stabilized by 5 ligaments and the tendons of 5 muscles
27
Q

What are the 5 shoulder joint ligaments?

A
  • Coracohumeral ligament
  • transverse humeral ligament
  • glenohumeral ligaments (3)
28
Q

What are the 6 articulations at the elbow

A
  1. Trochlea of humerus + trochlear notch of una
  2. Coronoid fossa of humerus + coronoid process of ulna
  3. Capitulum of humerus + head of radius
  4. Radial fossa of humerus + head of radius
  5. Olecranon fossa of humerus + olecranon process of ulna
  6. Head of radius + radial notch of ulna
29
Q

Knee joint articulation characteristics

A
  • Diarthrosis
  • mono-axial joint
  • medial and lateral menisci cuhion the joint
  • 7 ligaments stabilize the joint
    (5 extracapsular and 2 intracapsular)
30
Q

What are the 7 knee joint ligaments?

A
  1. Fibular collateral ligament
  2. Tibial collateral ligament
  3. patellar ligament
  4. Oblique popliteal ligament
  5. Arcuate popliteal ligament
  6. Anterior cruciate ligament
  7. Posterior cruciate ligament
31
Q

What are the two intracapsular ligaments of the knee joint?

A

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligament

32
Q

Temporomandibular joint articulations

A
  • mandibular condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
  • only movable joint of the skull
33
Q

What is TMJ syndrome?

A

pain in the temporomandibular joint associated with muscle spasm

  • muscle pulls joint out of alignment
34
Q

What are the 2 types of arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis and rheuatoid arthritis

35
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

it’s degenerative

36
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

it’s inflammatory

37
Q

Osteoarthritis risk factors

A

Genetic predisposition, high body weight, joint injury, repeated overuse, aging, lack of physical activity, nerve injury

Physiology 201 (38 decks)

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