Unit 4 Lecture 29

Question 1

Define necleus

Answer 1

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

Question 2

Define ganglion

Answer 2

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

Question 3

Define tract

Answer 3

a bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 4

Define Nerve

Answer 4

a bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 5

What are the 4 major parts of the brain?

Answer 5

1. Cerebrum 2. Diencephalon 3. Cerebellum 4. Brain Stem

Question 6

3 parts of the diencephalon

Answer 6

1. Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus 3. Epithalamus

Question 7

Organization of thalamus

Answer 7

made of 7 groups of nuclei (cluster of cells bodies in CNS)

Question 8

Function of thalamus

Answer 8

• relay station for sensory and motor information
• interprets touch (temperature, pain and pressure)
• Forms walls of 3rd ventricle

Question 9

Organization of hypohalamus

Answer 9

• Inferior to thalamus
• Has 12 nuclei in 4 main regions
• Link between nervous system and endocrine system

Question 10

Functions of hypothalamus

Answer 10

Maintains homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland

• controls body temp and metabolism

Question 11

Location of epithalamus

Answer 11

Superior and posterior to thalamus

Question 12

What are the 2 parts of the epithalamus?

Answer 12

Pineal Gland and the habenular nuclei

Question 13

Functions of the pineal gland

Answer 13

Makes melatonin (sleep) and rest body for next day

Question 14

Functions of habenular nuclei

Answer 14

Emotional responses to odors

Question 15

Functions of cerebellum

Answer 15

Receives signals to COORDINATE MOVEMENT and REGULATE POSTURE and BALANCE

Question 16

What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?

Answer 16

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 17

What is unique about all regions in the brain stem?

Answer 17

All regions contain both tracts and nuclei

Question 18

What is the pons?

Answer 18

Bridge between medulla oblongata, cerebellum and higher brain centers in the cerebral cortex

Question 19

Function of the pons

Answer 19

BREATHING, communication, hearing, taste, and balance

Question 20

What is the pontine nuclei of pons?

Answer 20

Grey matter centers connecting the cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Question 21

Function of the pontine nuclei

Answer 21

Coordinates voluntary motor output

Question 22

What are the two areas for respiratory control in pons?

Answer 22

Apneustic and pneumotaxic areas

Question 23

What does the apneustic area do?

Answer 23

Controls depth of breathing

Question 24

What does the penumotaxic area do?

Answer 24

Controls rate of breathing

Question 25

Functions of the medulla oblongata

Answer 25

- Connects brain to spinal cord - Cardiovascular center: heart rate and blood pressure - controls breathing rhythm - SNEEZING, COUGHING, VOMITING

Question 26

What is the midbrain ("mesencephalon")

Answer 26

part of the brain stem between the thalamus and the pons

Question 27

Function of the midbrain

Answer 27

Motor movement (especially the eye) and auditory and visual processing

Question 28

What are the 2 parts of the midbrain?

Answer 28

Superior and inferior colliculi

Question 29

Function of superior colliculi

Answer 29

- reflexs for vison - movement in head/trunk bc of visual stimuli

Question 30

Function of inferior colliculi

Answer 30

- Part of auditory pathway - Startle reflex

Question 31

What are other nuclei found in the midbrain?

Answer 31

Substantia nigra and the red nucleus

Question 32

What do the neurons which extend from the substantia nigra do?

Answer 32

Release dopamine to control subconscious muscle acivities

Question 33

Function of red nucleus

Answer 33

Controls voluntary movement of limbs

Question 34

What cranial and spinal systems control movement?

Answer 34

- Primary motor and premotor area of the cerebral cortex - basal nuclei - cerebellum - midbrain (substantia nigra and red nucleus)

Question 35

What is the limbic system?

Answer 35

"emotional brain" Plays a primary role in showing emotions to pain, pleasure, love, fear etc

Question 36

What makes up the limbic system?

Answer 36

Parts of the cerebral cortex, diencephalon, and midbrain

Question 37

What are the 3 main parts of the limbic system?

Answer 37

- Cingualte gyrus - Hippocampus - Amygdala

Question 38

Function of the cingulate gyrus

Answer 38

plays a role in emotion

Question 39

Function of the hippocampus

Answer 39

Learning and memory

Question 40

Function of the amygdala

Answer 40

Emotion and memory