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Physiology 201 > Unit 4 Lecture 29 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Lecture 29 Flashcards

1
Q

Define necleus

A

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

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2
Q

Define ganglion

A

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

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3
Q

Define tract

A

a bundle of axons in the CNS

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4
Q

Define Nerve

A

a bundle of axons in the PNS

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5
Q

What are the 4 major parts of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum 2. Diencephalon 3. Cerebellum 4. Brain Stem
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6
Q

3 parts of the diencephalon

A
  1. Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus 3. Epithalamus
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7
Q

Organization of thalamus

A

made of 7 groups of nuclei (cluster of cells bodies in CNS)

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8
Q

Function of thalamus

A
  • relay station for sensory and motor information
  • interprets touch (temperature, pain and pressure)
  • Forms walls of 3rd ventricle
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9
Q

Organization of hypohalamus

A
  • Inferior to thalamus
  • Has 12 nuclei in 4 main regions
  • Link between nervous system and endocrine system
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10
Q

Functions of hypothalamus

A

Maintains homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland

  • controls body temp and metabolism
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11
Q

Location of epithalamus

A

Superior and posterior to thalamus

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12
Q

What are the 2 parts of the epithalamus?

A

Pineal Gland and the habenular nuclei

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13
Q

Functions of the pineal gland

A

Makes melatonin (sleep) and rest body for next day

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14
Q

Functions of habenular nuclei

A

Emotional responses to odors

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15
Q

Functions of cerebellum

A

Receives signals to COORDINATE MOVEMENT and REGULATE POSTURE and BALANCE

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16
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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17
Q

What is unique about all regions in the brain stem?

A

All regions contain both tracts and nuclei

18
Q

What is the pons?

A

Bridge between medulla oblongata, cerebellum and higher brain centers in the cerebral cortex

19
Q

Function of the pons

A

BREATHING, communication, hearing, taste, and balance

20
Q

What is the pontine nuclei of pons?

A

Grey matter centers connecting the cerebral cortex and cerebellum

21
Q

Function of the pontine nuclei

A

Coordinates voluntary motor output

22
Q

What are the two areas for respiratory control in pons?

A

Apneustic and pneumotaxic areas

23
Q

What does the apneustic area do?

A

Controls depth of breathing

24
Q

What does the penumotaxic area do?

A

Controls rate of breathing

25
Q

Functions of the medulla oblongata

A
  • Connects brain to spinal cord
  • Cardiovascular center: heart rate and blood pressure
  • controls breathing rhythm
  • SNEEZING, COUGHING, VOMITING
26
Q

What is the midbrain (“mesencephalon”)

A

part of the brain stem between the thalamus and the pons

27
Q

Function of the midbrain

A

Motor movement (especially the eye) and auditory and visual processing

28
Q

What are the 2 parts of the midbrain?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

29
Q

Function of superior colliculi

A
  • reflexs for vison
  • movement in head/trunk bc of visual stimuli
30
Q

Function of inferior colliculi

A
  • Part of auditory pathway
  • Startle reflex
31
Q

What are other nuclei found in the midbrain?

A

Substantia nigra and the red nucleus

32
Q

What do the neurons which extend from the substantia nigra do?

A

Release dopamine to control subconscious muscle acivities

33
Q

Function of red nucleus

A

Controls voluntary movement of limbs

34
Q

What cranial and spinal systems control movement?

A
  • Primary motor and premotor area of the cerebral cortex
  • basal nuclei
  • cerebellum
  • midbrain (substantia nigra and red nucleus)
35
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

“emotional brain”

Plays a primary role in showing emotions to pain, pleasure, love, fear etc

36
Q

What makes up the limbic system?

A

Parts of the cerebral cortex, diencephalon, and midbrain

37
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the limbic system?

A
  • Cingualte gyrus
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
38
Q

Function of the cingulate gyrus

A

plays a role in emotion

39
Q

Function of the hippocampus

A

Learning and memory

40
Q

Function of the amygdala

A

Emotion and memory

Physiology 201 (38 decks)

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