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Physiology 201 > U1 Lecture 5 > Flashcards

U1 Lecture 5 Flashcards

Describe the principal characteristics/ functions of the following list of cellular structures: 1. Cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments) 2. Mitochondria 3. Nucleus 4. smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum 5. golgi apparatus 6. lysosomes and peroxisomes - Compare and contrast the characteristics of ATP production by oxidative vs. anaerobic metabolism

1
Q

Two categories of organelles

A
  1. Membranous

2. Non-membranous

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2
Q

Types of membranous organelles

A
  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Golgi complex
  • (Nucleus)
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3
Q

Types of non-membranous organelles

A
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Ribosomes
  • Proteasomes
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4
Q

Cytoskeleton characteristics

A
  1. Microfilaments - strands of protein (actin)
  2. Intermediate filaments - keratins
  3. Microtubules - strands of tubulin
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5
Q

Cytoskeleton functions

A

Microfilaments -

  1. connect organelles to membranes
  2. Influence cell motility and shape

Intermediate filaments - structural stability

Mictrotubules

  1. Influence cell structure and shape
  2. Motility (organelle movement and cillia/flagella)
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6
Q

Mitochondria

A

The major site of cell energy metabolism

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7
Q

Oxidative ATP Production

A

Energy metabolism occurs in…

  1. Cytoplasm- through glycolysis
  2. Mitochondria- through oxidative phosphorylation
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8
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Enzymatically- controlled ‘breaking of bonds’

  1. Consumes O2
  2. Produces CO2
  3. Efficient production of ATP
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9
Q

Glycolysis

A
  • 1st step in breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism
  • Takes in ADP energy and Psubi and releases ATP to make pyruvate (a salt of pyruvic acid)
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10
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) functions

A
  1. Lipid & protein synthesis
  2. Storage (protein; Ca2+)
  3. Transport within the cell
  4. Detoxification
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11
Q

Two types of endoplasmic reticulum and their functions

A
  1. Rough ER - protein synthesis and storage

2. Smooth ER - Lipid synthesis and Ca2+ storage

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12
Q

Golgi Apparatus functions

A

Site of packaging and processing of protein products for secretion
- transport vesicles from rough ER enter golgi and leave through exoytosis

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13
Q

Lysosomes function

A

Contain digestive enzymes for recycling old cellular material etc.

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14
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contain enzymes for detoxification of byproducts of metabolism

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Physiology 201 (38 decks)

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