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AP PSYCH > unit 4: states of conscientiousness > Flashcards

unit 4: states of conscientiousness Flashcards

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1
Q

behavioral psychology’s view of consciousness

A

the study of consciousness in psychology was discontinued for a time because behaviorists argued that it could not be critically analyzed . in recent years, however the study if consciousness has again become a large part of psychology

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2
Q

consciousness

A

defined as an awareness of ourselves and our environment

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3
Q

unconscious vs. conscious mind

A

your unconscious mind processes several things at one time (heart beat, breathing), while your conscious mind typically can only process things one at a time. (things you choose to do or think about)

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4
Q

“biological clocks”

A
  • periodic physiological fluctuations
  • these clocks control your biological rhythms
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5
Q

annual cycle (365 cycle)

A

energy peaks during specific times of the year

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6
Q

28-day cycle

A

the female menstrual cycle

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7
Q

circadian rhythm (daily cycle)

A
  • 24 hour cycle, 25 in perfect conditions
  • sleep/wakefulness cycle
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8
Q

90 minute sleep cycle

A

cycle through various stages of sleep

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9
Q

sleep stages in order

A

NREM stage 1 –> NREM stage 2 –> NREM stage 3 –> NREM stage 2 –> REM

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10
Q

beta waves

A
  • REM sleep
  • 15-40 cps
  • awake & alert
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11
Q

alpha waves

A
  • awake, but relaxed
  • 9-14 cps
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12
Q

theta waves

A
  • NREM stage 1
  • 5-8 cps
  • NREM stage 2
  • 5-8 cps
  • sleep spindles
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13
Q

delta waves

A
  • NREM stage 3
  • 1.5-4 cps
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14
Q

REM sleep

A
  • beta waves
  • 15-40 cps
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15
Q

sleep deprivation

A

fatigue & subsequent death, impaired concentration, emotional irritability, depressed immune system, greater vulnerability to illness

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16
Q

4 reasons why we need sleep

A
  1. sleep protected our ancestors from harm, that trait passed on to us
  2. sleep is beneficial to our brains
  3. sleep is good for memory
  4. sleep helps with growth (the pituitary gland fires while you sleep)
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17
Q

insomnia

A

persistent problems falling or staying asleep

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18
Q

somnambulism (sleepwalking)

A

the scientific name for sleepwalking

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19
Q

nightmares

A

frightening dreams that wake someone during REM sleep

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20
Q

night terrors

A

sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by a physiological reaction (rapid heart rate, perspiration, etc) that happen is stage 4 sleep

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21
Q

narcolepsy

A

an overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up

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22
Q

sleep apnea

A

failure to breathe while asleep

23
Q

5 reasons why we dream

A
  1. wish fulfillment: Freud’s theory. manifest content = actual dream; latent content = what the dream means. dreams show unconscious desires
24
Q

REM rebound

A

when someone is deprived of REM sleep their future sleep will contain more REM than normal

25
Q

hypnosis

A

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

26
Q

Franz Anton Mesmer

A
  • the popularity of hypnosis can most likely me credited to him
  • believed to have found “animal magnetism” and whose patients went into a trancelike state and felt better upon waking up
27
Q

posthypnotic suggestion

A

suggestion carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized

28
Q

posthypnotic amnesia

A

a supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis

29
Q

facts & falsehoods of hypnosis

A
  • to some extent everyone can be hypnotized as long as they have an open mind
  • hypnosis is not believed to be successful at helping retrieve repressed memories
  • will not cause someone to do something against their morals
  • can be good for mental health, but so can any type of self-suggestion
  • can help to eliminate pain, but so can a lot of techniques (ie. lamaze)
30
Q

social influence theory

A

hypnotic subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a social role (role playing - start to buy in)

31
Q

divided consciousness theory

A

hypnosis is a separate state of consciousness

32
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

chemical substances that alter perceptions and mood, and thus effect consciousness

33
Q

withdrawal

A

undesirable (negative) effects after stopping a drug that one is addicted to

34
Q

addiction

A

a craving for something that you know is bad/harmful

35
Q

psychological dependence

A
36
Q

physical dependence

A

mind craved the drug

37
Q

tolerance

A

it takes more and more of the drug to get the same effect

38
Q

depressant drug

A

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

39
Q

alcohol

A

(depressant)
- affects motor skills, judgement, memory. increases aggressiveness while reducing self-awareness

40
Q

barbiturates

A

(depressant)
- depress the activity of the central nervous system, reduces anxiety, impairs memory/judgement

41
Q

opiates

A

(depressant)
- opium and its derivatives (morphine & heroin), depress neural activity

42
Q

stimulant drugs

A

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

43
Q

caffeine

A

increase heart and breathing rates and other autonomic functions to provide energy

44
Q

nicotine

A

increase heart and breathing rates and other autonomic functions to provide energy

45
Q

ecstasy (MDMA)

A

mild hallucinogen, high risk of dehydration

46
Q

cocaine

A

altered form of cocaine offers a more immediate high, with a quicker crash

47
Q

amphetamines

A

ex. adderall

48
Q

methamphetamines

A

ex. crystal meth

49
Q

hallucinogenic drugs

A

psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

50
Q

LSD

A

powerful hallucinogenic drug that is also known as acid

51
Q

THC

A

major active ingredient in marijuana, mild hallucinations

52
Q

monist

A

don’t believe in near death experiences, because they believe that the mind and body are the same thing

53
Q

dualism

A

believe in near death experiences, because they believe the mind and body are separate

AP PSYCH (13 decks)

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