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AP PSYCH > personality > Flashcards

personality Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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2
Q

psychodynamic view of personality

A
  • Freud’s perspective
  • believed that every problem had an unconscious motive (the person was unaware of it)
  • the goal was to tap into the unconscious mind and make people realize what was causing them problems
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3
Q

unconscious mind

A

of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories

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4
Q

free association

A

Freud asked patients to say whatever came to their minds in order to tap into the unconscious

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5
Q

manifest vs. latent content of dreams

A

manifest content: the actual dream
latent content: what the meaning of the dream is

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6
Q

psychoanalysis

A

the entire process of using free association to tap into the unconscious and make people better

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7
Q

freud’s iceberg analogy

A

the mind is like an iceberg. you are only aware of the part that is above the water. (conscious mind).

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8
Q

id

A

unconscious part of the personality that does what you want, and does not worry about what others think

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9
Q

ego

A

known as the “executive”, is the mediator between the id and superego and decided which one to act on

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10
Q

superego

A

part of the personality that worries about what others think, and acts based on the expectations of society and others

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11
Q

psychosexual stages

A

Freud believed that personality formed during the first few years of life divided into the psychosexual stages.

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12
Q

erogenous zones

A

during the psychosexual stages id’s pleasure-seeking energues focus on pleasure sensitive body areas

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13
Q

oedipus complex

A
  • Freud’s way to try to explain why boys were more attached to mothers earlier in their lives, but later in life become more attached to their fathers
  • boys, not realizing it’s inappropriate, develop sexual feelings for their mothers and see their fathers as a rival, and thus develop hatred toward their fathers
  • later, children realize that these sexual feelings are inappropriate, so because of embarrassment they distrance themselves with the mother and identify with the father
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14
Q

electra complex

A

the same as the oedipus complex only flipped, talking about girls and fathers

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15
Q

defence mechanism

A

something causes you anxiety so you:
1. repression
2. regression
3. reaction formation
4. projection
5. rationalization
6. displacement

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16
Q

repression

A

something causes you anxiety so you:
…unconsciously block the memory out of your brain (forget it) to make yourself feel better

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17
Q

regression

A

something causes you anxiety so you:
…act like a person of a younger age to make yourself feel better

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18
Q

reaction formation

A

something causes you anxiety so you:
…tell people you feel the exact opposite of how you actually feel, to make yourself feel better

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19
Q

projection

A

something causes you anxiety so you:
…point out the unwanted trait in others, to make yourself feel better

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20
Q

rationalization

A

something causes you anxiety so you:
…state your problem in a way that sounds better, rather than stating it how it actually is, to make yourself feel better

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21
Q

displacement

A

something causes you anxiety so you:
…take out your frustration on someone who doesn’t deserve it, to make yourself feel better

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22
Q

neo-freudian

A

psychologists whose work followed from Freud’s

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23
Q

carl jung

A
  • a neo-Freudian
  • term: collective unconscious
  • theory: we are born with a vast knowledge of our world already stored in our unconscious mind. we just don’t know how to access it at birth.
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24
Q

collective unconscious

A

we are born with a vast knowledge of our world already stored in our unconscious mind. we just don’t know how to access it at birth.

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25
Q

alfred adler

A
  • a neo-Freudian
  • term: inferiority complex
  • theory: children weren’t moody because of sexual frustrations, they were moody and temperamental because they wanted to be adults and they weren’t allowed to be
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26
Q

inferiority complex

A

children weren’t moody because of sexual frustrations, they were moody and temperamental because they wanted to be adults and they weren’t allowed to be

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27
Q

karen horney

A
  • a neo-Freudian
  • term: disproved penis envy
  • theory: worked to disprove Freud’s idea of penis envy. Freud believed that women were frustrated because they wanted to be men. Horney worked to show that there was no research to back this up.
28
Q

penis envy

A

Horney worked to disprove Freud’s idea of penis envy. Freud believed that women were frustrated because they wanted to be men. Horney worked to show that there was no research to back this up.

29
Q

projective tests

A

evaluating personality from an unconscious mind’s perspective would require a psychological instrument (projective tests) that would reveal the hidden unconscious mind

30
Q

rorschach inkblot test

A

stare at an inkblot and say the first thing that comes to your mind

31
Q

TAT (thematic apperception test)

A

look at an ambiguous (unclear) picture and create a story around it

32
Q

criticism of freud

A
  1. personality develops throughout life and is not fixed in childhood like Freud thought
  2. Freud looked too much at the family and not enough at peers (friends) on development
  3. Freud thought that your gender identity was fully formed at age 5 or 6, that may not be so
  4. Freud’s dream theories are often critized
  5. Freud is criticized for overstressing the importance of sexual motivation on decision-making and problems
  • Freud is often criticized for what he got wrong, but he is revered in the psychological community for his insight (whether right or wrong) and new way of thinking
33
Q

abraham maslow

A
  • humanistic psychologist
  • best known for saying that the goal of your life is to reach the top of his pyramid and be the best person you could possibly be, known as self-actualization
34
Q

carl rogers

A
  • humanistic psychologist
  • believed that to be the best, you must accept others no matter what they do to you, this is known as unconditional positive regard
  • ideal self vs. real self
35
Q

self-actualization

A

Maslow is best known for saying that the goal of your life is to reach the top of his pyramid and be the best person you could possibly be

36
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

Carl Rogers believed that to be the best, you must accept others no matter what they do to you

37
Q

ideal vs. real self

A
  • Rogers also stated that people had 2 selves
  • the “ideal self”, which was who they wanted to be
  • and the “real self”, which was who they actually were
  • if the 2 were close the person felt great about themselves, if they weren’t, they’d feel depressed/angry
38
Q

trait perspective

A

your personality isn’t one thing, it’s made up of many personality traits

39
Q

cattell – 16 PF

A

theorist: Cattell
explanation:
- 16 PF/traits
- factor analysis
- used factor analysis to determine that your personality was made up of 16 traits, which he called the 16 PF (personality factors)

40
Q

factor analysis

A
  • Cattell (theorist)
  • a set of statistical procedures designed to determine the number of distinct unobservable constructs needed to account for the pattern of correlations among a set of measures
41
Q

Eysencks personality matrix

A

suggested that personality could be reduced down to 2 polar dimensions extraversion-introversion & emotional stability-instability

42
Q

personality inventory

A

are questionnaires (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) gauge a wide range of feeling and behaviors assessing several traits at once

43
Q

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

A
  • the most widely used personality test today
  • was previously used to diagnose mental disorders, now it is used on everyone
44
Q

myers-briggs personality test

A

personality test used today that only gives results that are positive

45
Q

big five personality traits (CANOE)

A
  • consciousness
  • agreeableness
  • neuroticism
  • openness
  • extraversion
46
Q

conscientiousness

A

how organized, careful, and disiplined you are

47
Q

agreeableness

A

how willing you are to cooperate or go along with others

48
Q

neuroticism

A

how often you show negative emotions

49
Q

openness

A

how willing you are to try new experiences or go out of your comfort zone

50
Q

extraversion

A

how loud and out going you are

51
Q

social-cognitive perspective

A

combines thinking and your situation in helping to shape your personality

52
Q

albert bandura

A

one of the founding members of the social-cognitive perspective

53
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

the 3 factors are: behavior, cognition, and environment, each affect each other in a continual cycle

54
Q

personal control

A

whether an organism feels it controls the environment or the environment controls them

55
Q

internal locus of control

A

you believe you have control over your own future/destiny

56
Q

external locus of control

A

you believe your future/destiny is out of your control

57
Q

learned helplessness

A

when organisms feel unable to avoid repeated adverse or negative events

58
Q

optimism

A

looking at the event/situation positively

59
Q

pessimism

A

looking at the event/situation negatively

60
Q

the self

A

your sense of identity, knowing who you are and what makes you unique

61
Q

spotlight effect

A

we over estimate how much people notice us or care what we do

62
Q

self-reference effect

A

it is easier to recall something if you are directly involved in the memory

63
Q

defensive self-esteem

A

high self-esteem created by putting others down

64
Q

secure self-esteem

A

high self-esteem that is less fragile because it is not created at the expense of others

65
Q

self-efficacy

A

a belief in yourself and your abilities

AP PSYCH (13 decks)

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