Unit 4 - Lymphatic & Immune Systems Flashcards
lymph/o
lymph - the liquid
- a clear, watery fluid that contains
- water / salt / sugar / waste products (urea & creatinine)
lymphaden/o
lymph gland (node)
- stationary tissue that produces WBC (lymphocytes and macrophages
- swollen when bacteria present
where are the clusters of lymph nodes?
adenoids (nasopharynx) tonsils (oropharynx) cervical (neck) axillary (armpit) mediastinal (chest) mesenteric (intestinal) paraaortic (lumbar) inguinal (groin)
right lymphatic duct drains what part of body?
right side of head
right arm
part of right chest
thoracic duct drains what part of body?
left side of head
lower body
left arm
part of left chest
lymphatic organs
spleen
thymus gland
spleen
LUQ - destroys old erythrocytes (RBC) - filters or purifies blood BUT, is optional organ; can live w/o it - produces lymphocytes - storage for blood, especially RBC and platelets
thym/o
thymus gland - really active as a newborn
located in mediastinum
- releases T-cells (lymphocytes)
- produces antibodies
splenomegaly
enlargement of spleen
natural (innate) immunity
resistance is present at birth
- genetic characteristics of a person’s ability to fight off infection
acquired (adaptive) immunity
receiving immunity by:
- active (acquired) immunity - having disease or vaccination
- passive immunity - - immediate protection - antitoxins or gamma globulin
types of Lymphocytes
- B-cells (humoral immunity) - originates from bone marrow. After contact w/antigen become plasma cells which secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins)
- T-cells (cell-mediated immunity) - originate from stem cells in bone marrow and thymus; multiply rapidly to produce cells that destroy antigen
What are the 3 type of T-cells?
- Killer Cells (T8) - destroy foreign cells
- Helper Cells - promotes antibody synthesis by neutralizing antigens
- Suppressor Cells - helps regulate and inhibit activity of B and T lymphocytes
T-cells secrete 2 proteins:
They are antibodies
- interferons - stimulates macrophages to ingest bacteria
- interleukins - stimulates growth of T-cell lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
a retrovirus - has its own reverse trascriptase; replicates inside host cell
opportunistic disease
infectious disease associated w/AIDS fungus parasitic viral - herpes simplex (blisters on nose, lip, genitals) bacteria
fungus
a yeast-type infection
ex. thrush, Candidiasis
Toxoplasmosis
a parasite that can cause fever, chills, confusion, visual disturbances
PCP
pneumocystis carinii penuemonia - fever, productive cough, chest pain
symptoms of HIV
oral thursh
night sweats
fatigue
evidence of opportunistic disease
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- active disease
- syndrome of suppressed immune system
- neurological problems
ELISA
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay - looks for anti-HIV antibodies
- test to determine if patient has been infected w/HIV
Western Blot
a test to confirm HIV infection
lymph/angi/o/gram
X-ray of lymph vessels
lymph/oma
tumor of the lymphoid tissue
hyper/spleen/ism
- condition of too much spleen (enlargement of)
- often assoc w/blood cell destruction; anemia; leukopenia; thrombocytopenia
lymphoma
cancer of lymph nodes
Hodgkin’s Disease
type of lymphoma
- presence of Reed-Sternberg cell
- malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue
Non-Hodgkin’s Disease
still affects lymphoid tissue, but doesn’t have Reed-Sternberg cells
