Unit 4 - Lymphatic & Immune Systems

Question 1

lymph/o

Answer 1

lymph - the liquid

• a clear, watery fluid that contains
• water / salt / sugar / waste products (urea & creatinine)

Question 2

lymphaden/o

Answer 2

lymph gland (node)

• stationary tissue that produces WBC (lymphocytes and macrophages
• swollen when bacteria present

Question 3

where are the clusters of lymph nodes?

Answer 3

adenoids (nasopharynx)
tonsils (oropharynx)
cervical (neck)
axillary (armpit)
mediastinal (chest)
mesenteric (intestinal)
paraaortic (lumbar)
inguinal (groin)

Question 4

right lymphatic duct drains what part of body?

Answer 4

right side of head
right arm
part of right chest

Question 5

thoracic duct drains what part of body?

Answer 5

left side of head
lower body
left arm
part of left chest

Question 6

lymphatic organs

Answer 6

spleen

thymus gland

Question 7

spleen

Answer 7

LUQ
- destroys old erythrocytes (RBC)
- filters or purifies blood
BUT, is optional organ; can live w/o it
- produces lymphocytes
- storage for blood, especially RBC and platelets

Question 8

thym/o

Answer 8

thymus gland - really active as a newborn
located in mediastinum
- releases T-cells (lymphocytes)
- produces antibodies

Question 9

splenomegaly

Answer 9

enlargement of spleen

Question 10

natural (innate) immunity

Answer 10

resistance is present at birth

- genetic characteristics of a person’s ability to fight off infection

Question 11

acquired (adaptive) immunity

Answer 11

receiving immunity by:

1. active (acquired) immunity - having disease or vaccination
2. passive immunity - - immediate protection - antitoxins or gamma globulin

Question 12

types of Lymphocytes

Answer 12

1. B-cells (humoral immunity) - originates from bone marrow. After contact w/antigen become plasma cells which secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins)
2. T-cells (cell-mediated immunity) - originate from stem cells in bone marrow and thymus; multiply rapidly to produce cells that destroy antigen

Question 13

What are the 3 type of T-cells?

Answer 13

1. Killer Cells (T8) - destroy foreign cells
2. Helper Cells - promotes antibody synthesis by neutralizing antigens
3. Suppressor Cells - helps regulate and inhibit activity of B and T lymphocytes

Question 14

T-cells secrete 2 proteins:

Answer 14

They are antibodies

1. interferons - stimulates macrophages to ingest bacteria
2. interleukins - stimulates growth of T-cell lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

Question 15

HIV

Answer 15

human immunodeficiency virus

a retrovirus - has its own reverse trascriptase; replicates inside host cell

Question 16

opportunistic disease

Answer 16

infectious disease associated w/AIDS
fungus
parasitic
viral - herpes simplex (blisters on nose, lip, genitals)
bacteria

Question 17

fungus

Answer 17

a yeast-type infection

ex. thrush, Candidiasis

Question 18

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 18

a parasite that can cause fever, chills, confusion, visual disturbances

Question 19

PCP

Answer 19

pneumocystis carinii penuemonia - fever, productive cough, chest pain

Question 20

symptoms of HIV

Answer 20

oral thursh
night sweats
fatigue
evidence of opportunistic disease

Question 21

AIDS

Answer 21

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

• active disease
• syndrome of suppressed immune system
• neurological problems

Question 22

ELISA

Answer 22

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay - looks for anti-HIV antibodies
- test to determine if patient has been infected w/HIV

Question 23

Western Blot

Answer 23

a test to confirm HIV infection

Question 24

lymph/angi/o/gram

Answer 24

X-ray of lymph vessels

Question 25

lymph/oma

Answer 25

tumor of the lymphoid tissue

Question 26

hyper/spleen/ism

Answer 26

• condition of too much spleen (enlargement of)

- often assoc w/blood cell destruction; anemia; leukopenia; thrombocytopenia

Question 27

lymphoma

Answer 27

cancer of lymph nodes

Question 28

Hodgkin’s Disease

Answer 28

type of lymphoma

• presence of Reed-Sternberg cell
• malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue

Question 29

Non-Hodgkin’s Disease

Answer 29

still affects lymphoid tissue, but doesn’t have Reed-Sternberg cells