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Medical Terminology > Unit 3 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

-lept/o

A

thin, slender

leptomeningitis - inflammation of thin meninges (pia & arachnoid)

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2
Q

-esthesia

A

nervous sensation

anesthesia - without nervous sensation

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3
Q

-sthenia

A

strength

myasthenia - muscle strength

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4
Q

-kines/o and -kinesia

A

movement

kinesiology - study of (human) movement

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5
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

epilepsy

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6
Q

-comat/o

A

deep sleep

comatose

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7
Q

-paresis

A

weakness; slight paralysis

hemiparesis - slight paralysis on 1/2 the body

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8
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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9
Q

-phasia

A

speech

aphasia - w/o speech

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10
Q

-syncop/o

A

to cut off; faint; cut short
syncopal - brief loss of consciousness caused by a sudden fall of blood pressure or failure of the cardiac systole, resulting in cerebral anemia.

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11
Q

-tax/o

A

order; coordination

ataxia - loss of coordination of the muscles, especially of the extremities.

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12
Q

afferent (sensory) nerves

A

carry messages toward spinal cord & brain

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13
Q

efferent (motor) nerves

A

carry messages away from the spinal cord & brain to muscles

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14
Q

how many cranial nerves

A

12 pair

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15
Q

how many spinal nerves

A

31 pair

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16
Q

how is the autonomic nervous system set up?

A

Two subdivisions of ANS

  1. parasympathetic - rest & digest
  2. sympathetic - fight or flight
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17
Q

neurilemma

A

outermost membrane of myelin sheath in myelinated nerve cell

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18
Q

examples of neurotransmitters

A

acetylcholine (ACH)
epinephrine (EPI)
dopamine (DA, DM, DOP)
serotonin

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19
Q

glial

A

glue

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20
Q

neuroglial cell

A
  • functions to hold the nervous system together
  • help ward off infection
  • do not transmit impulses
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21
Q

astrocytes

A

transport water & salts between nerve cells & capillaries

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22
Q

microglial cells

A

the phagocytes (protect neurons in response to inflammation

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23
Q

oligodendroglia

A

make the myelin sheath that protects axons in CNS

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24
Q

3 main parts of the brain

A

cerebrum - thinking part of brain
brain stem - controls body function
cerebellum - coordinates voluntary movement

25
gyrus
sheets of nerve cells arranged in folds
26
sulcus
grooves that separate the gyrus
27
cerebrum's function
higher learning, personality, smell, movement and thought
28
brain stem
thalamus hypothalamus pons medulla oblongata
29
thalamus
not under conscious control
30
hypothalamus
controls body temperature sexual desire appetite emotions - fear and pleasure
31
pons
bridge - connection of nerves to eyes and face
32
medulla oblongata
nerve fiber tracts to connect: - connects spinal cord w/rest of body - nerve fibers cross over in this area from L to R and from R to L - vital centers: respiratory, cardiac, vasomotor (blood pressure)
33
grey matter
nerve fiber tracts w/o myelin sheath (cell body, dendrites)
34
meninges - from outer to inner
1. dura mater 2 arachnoid membrane 3. pia mater
35
hydrocephalus
condition of water in brain | - use a shunt to drain
36
spina bifida - 2 types
meningocele - external protrusion of meninges meningomyelocele - external protrusion of meninges & spinal column
37
spina bifida
congenital defects in lumbar spinal column, caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts
38
Alzheimer's Disease
brain disease marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration
39
Epilepsy
chronic, recurrent seizure activity excessive electrical discharge in the brain 2 types - tonic clonic, absence
40
tonic clonic seizure
``` sudden loss of consciousness falling down contractions tonic - stiff clonic - jerky ```
41
absence seizure
momentary clouding of consciousness - blank stare - appear to not be listening
42
Huntington's Chorea
- hereditary - occurs between 35-44 years - involves "dance-like" choreic, involuntary abrupt movements of arms and legs - personality changes; no cure - management is to treat symptoms
43
multiple sclerosis
chronic condition - destruction of myelin sheath by virus - muscle weakness/fatigue between ages of 20-40 - unsteady gait due to loss of nervous myelin
44
Myasthenia Gravis
- autoimmune neuromuscular disease - can recover - weakness of voluntary muscles - antibodies block neurotransmitters from transmitting impulse from nerve to muscle cell
45
Palsy
loss of ability to move (paralysis is partial or complete 1. Cerebral Palsy - partial paralysis caused by lack of O2 or blood flow during pregnancy or delivery 2. Bell's Palsy - paralysis on one side of face, likely caused by a virus; can recover
46
Parkinson's Disease
loss of brain NT, dopamine - occurs later in life - tremors; weakness of muscles - slowness of movement - mask-like facial expression
47
Tourette Syndrome
- neurological disease w/uncontrollable vocal sounds | - involuntary twitching and spasms, especially eyelids and facial tics
48
cerebral concussion
- brief loss of consciousness | - no permanent structural damage
49
cerebral contusion
- much more serious than concussion - neurological deficits persisting greater than 24 hours - associated w/fracture of skull or trauma to head - bruising of brain tissue
50
stroke (CVA)
CerebroVascular Accident | - disruption in normal blood supply to brain
51
3 ways to develop a stroke
1. thrombic - clots of plaque occlude cerebral arteries 2. embolic - clots become dislodged and then stick 3. hemorrhagic - cerebral artery wall ruptures
52
aneurysm
- enlarged, weakened are in arterial wall that may rupture
53
myel/o/graphy
process of looking at the spinal cord by injecting dye
54
electr/o/encephal/o/graphy
recording the electricity of the brain | looking for seizures
55
cerebral angiography
looking at brain vessels
56
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges | - diagnosed w/lumbar puncture - w/drawal of CSF
57
encephal/itis
inflammation of the brain
58
neur/o/pathy
disease of the nerves (usually peripheral)

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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