Unit 2 - Skeletal Flashcards
ossification
bone formation - gradual replacement of cartilage; continues until fully grown
osteoblasts
immature osteocytes
osteoclasts
bone phagocytes; break down bone
- function is to reabsorb or digest
parathyroid gland
- secretes hormone for maintaining calcium levels
- hormone allows calcium to leave bone & enter bloodstream
thyroid gland
secretes hormone that allows calcium to leave the blood and head to bones
calcium phosphate
substance that gives bone its characteristic hard quality
Vitamin D
helps calcium pass thru the lining of small intestine & into blood stream
epiphysis
each end of a long bone (beyond the epiphyseal line/growth plate)
bone processes
enlarged tissue that normally extends out from bones to serve as attachments to muscles & tendons & ligaments
acromion process
shoulder; lateral extension of scapula
olecranon process
end of ulna (elbow)
bone depressions
openings or hollow regions in a bone
Function: help to join one bone to another; serves as a passageway for blood vessels & nerves
Ex. foramen - opening for blood vessels & nerves
acetabulum - socket of hipbone; where femur sits
lord/o
curve; swayback
scoli/o
crooked; bent
spondyl/o
vertebra (backbone)
kyph/o
humpback
Fracture
a sudden break of a bone
colles
break near wrist @ distal end of radius
comminuted
bone is splintered & crushed into several pieces
compression
bone collapses or is compressed (vertebra)
greenstick
bone is partially broken; breaks on one surface (Lauren!)
impacted
one fragment is driven firmly into the other; usually at the head of femur or humerus
closed fracture
bone broken, but no break in skin
compound fracture
bone fragment protruded through the skin (at some point)
