Unit 2 - Skeletal Flashcards
ossification
bone formation - gradual replacement of cartilage; continues until fully grown
osteoblasts
immature osteocytes
osteoclasts
bone phagocytes; break down bone
- function is to reabsorb or digest
parathyroid gland
- secretes hormone for maintaining calcium levels
- hormone allows calcium to leave bone & enter bloodstream
thyroid gland
secretes hormone that allows calcium to leave the blood and head to bones
calcium phosphate
substance that gives bone its characteristic hard quality
Vitamin D
helps calcium pass thru the lining of small intestine & into blood stream
epiphysis
each end of a long bone (beyond the epiphyseal line/growth plate)
bone processes
enlarged tissue that normally extends out from bones to serve as attachments to muscles & tendons & ligaments
acromion process
shoulder; lateral extension of scapula
olecranon process
end of ulna (elbow)
bone depressions
openings or hollow regions in a bone
Function: help to join one bone to another; serves as a passageway for blood vessels & nerves
Ex. foramen - opening for blood vessels & nerves
acetabulum - socket of hipbone; where femur sits
lord/o
curve; swayback
scoli/o
crooked; bent
spondyl/o
vertebra (backbone)
kyph/o
humpback
Fracture
a sudden break of a bone
colles
break near wrist @ distal end of radius
comminuted
bone is splintered & crushed into several pieces
compression
bone collapses or is compressed (vertebra)
greenstick
bone is partially broken; breaks on one surface (Lauren!)
impacted
one fragment is driven firmly into the other; usually at the head of femur or humerus
closed fracture
bone broken, but no break in skin
compound fracture
bone fragment protruded through the skin (at some point)
pathological fracture
caused by disease of the bone
oste/o/sarc/oma
tumor/mass of bone and fleshy tissue
rickets
condition of softening of bones (bow legs); usually in children
oste/o/malac/ia
condition of softening bones
oste/o/porosis
condition of pores in bones
[decrease in bone density]
oste/o/myel/itis
inflammation of bone & bone marrow