Unit 4 - Blood System

Question 1

Function of blood

Answer 1

transport system for maintaining a constant environment for living tissues throughout body

Question 2

Blood volume contains what 5 components?

Answer 2

1. plasma (liquid)
2. erythrocytes (RBC)
3. leukocytes (WBC)
4. platelets / thrombocytes
5. serum

Question 3

erythrocytes

Answer 3

• RBC
• contain hemoglobin to carry O2
• formed in bone marrow
• live 120 days

Question 4

leukocytes

Answer 4

Granulocytes - 3 kinds - most numerous

Agranulocytes - 2 kinds

Question 5

Basophils

Answer 5

granulocyte
contain heparin (anticlotting) & histamine (released in allergic response

Question 6

Eosinophils

Answer 6

granulocytes
increase in allergic responses
engulf substances that trigger allergies

Question 7

neutrophils

Answer 7

granulocyte

• phagocytes that accumulate at sites of infection
• ingest & destroy bacteria

Question 8

monocyte

Answer 8

agranulocyte
mononuclear
- get ride of cellular debris
- phagocytic that fight disease

Question 9

lymphocyte

Answer 9

agranulocyte

• made in bone marrow & lymph nodes
• make antibodies

Question 10

platelets

Answer 10

also: thrombocytes

blood cell fragments that help with clotting

Question 11

erythropoietin

Answer 11

hormone secreted by kidneys that stimulates production of RBC in bone marrow

Question 12

plasma

Answer 12

liquid portion of blood that contains:

• water
• dissolved proteins
• sugar
• wastes
• salts
• hormones
• and other substances

Question 13

4 types of plasma proteins

Answer 13

1. albumin
2. globulin
3. fibrinogen
4. prothrombin

Question 14

albumin

Answer 14

maintains proper concentration of water in blood

Question 15

globulin

Answer 15

immunoglobins - antibodies that bind to and destroy antigens

Question 16

fibrinogen

Answer 16

clotting protein

Question 17

prothrombin

Answer 17

clotting protein

Question 18

serum

Answer 18

• plasma minus clotting protein & cells

- clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it clots

Question 19

pancytopenia

Answer 19

deficiency of all 3 components (RBC, WBC, and platelets)

Question 20

-cytosis

Answer 20

abnormal condition of cells

macrocytosis - condition of big cells

Question 21

chrom/o

Answer 21

color

hypochromia - low concentration of hemoglobin in RBC

Question 22

morph/o

Answer 22

shape

morphology - study of shapes, form

Question 23

poikil/o

Answer 23

irregular; varied

poikilocytosis - irregularity in shape of RBC

Question 24

spher/o

Answer 24

globe; round
spherocytosis - auto-hemolytic anemia (a disease of the blood) characterized by the production of RBCs that are sphere-shaped, rather than bi-concave disk shaped

Question 25

blood dyscrasia

Answer 25

very broad term meaning any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

Question 26

anemia

Answer 26

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Question 27

aplastic anemia

Answer 27

failure of good cell production in bone marrow

Question 28

pernicious anemia

Answer 28

lack of RBC due to inability to absorb vitamin B12

Question 29

sickle cell anemia

Answer 29

hereditary; abnormal shape of RBC leads to inability to carry hemoglobin sickle-shaped

Question 30

hemolytic anemia

Answer 30

reduction in RBC due to excessive destruction

Question 31

purpura

Answer 31

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under skin deficiency of platelets - thrombocytopenia autoimmune

Question 32

leukemia

Answer 32

"blood condition of white" - disease of bone marrow where malignant leukocytes fill marrow and bloodstream - classification due to which leukocyte is involved

Question 33

thrombocytopenia

Answer 33

- deficiency of platelets in blood | - low production or increased destruction

Question 34

PTT

Answer 34

Partial Thromoplastin Time - platelet count - test done when someone is on a blood thinner - measures presence of factors involved in clotting

Question 35

PT

Answer 35

Prothrombin time - test of the ability of blood to clot - test done when someone is on a blood thinner - measures presence of factors involved in clotting

Question 36

hematocrit

Answer 36

Hct | % of RBC in volume of blood

Question 37

bleeding time

Answer 37

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound - normal = 8 min

Question 38

coagulation time

Answer 38

time for venous blood to clot in a test tube | normal =

Question 39

type A blood 1. can receive: 2. cannot receive

Answer 39

1. A, O | 2. B, AB

Question 40

Type B blood 1. can receive: 2. cannot receive

Answer 40

1. B, O | 2. A, AB

Question 41

Type AB blood 1. can receive: 2. cannot receive

Answer 41

1. AB, O, A, B | 2. none

Question 42

Type O blood 1. can receive: 2. cannot receive

Answer 42

1. O | 2, A, B, AB

Question 43

Rhesus factor

Answer 43

``` + = have it (can get both + and -) - = don't have it (can only get -) ```

Question 44

where does hemoglobin go to get broken down?

Answer 44

spleen liver bone marrow

Question 45

condition of bilirubin in urine?

Answer 45

bilirubinuria

Question 46

BMT

Answer 46

bone marrow transplant

Question 47

3 major ways for jaundice to occur:

Answer 47

1. excessive destruction of RBC (hemolysis) 2. blocked bile duct 3. damaged liver