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Medical Terminology > Unit 4 - Blood System > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Function of blood

A

transport system for maintaining a constant environment for living tissues throughout body

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2
Q

Blood volume contains what 5 components?

A
  1. plasma (liquid)
  2. erythrocytes (RBC)
  3. leukocytes (WBC)
  4. platelets / thrombocytes
  5. serum
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3
Q

erythrocytes

A
  • RBC
  • contain hemoglobin to carry O2
  • formed in bone marrow
  • live 120 days
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4
Q

leukocytes

A

Granulocytes - 3 kinds - most numerous

Agranulocytes - 2 kinds

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5
Q

Basophils

A 
granulocyte
contain heparin (anticlotting) & histamine (released in allergic response
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6
Q

Eosinophils

A

granulocytes
increase in allergic responses
engulf substances that trigger allergies

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7
Q

neutrophils

A

granulocyte

  • phagocytes that accumulate at sites of infection
  • ingest & destroy bacteria
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8
Q

monocyte

A

agranulocyte
mononuclear
- get ride of cellular debris
- phagocytic that fight disease

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9
Q

lymphocyte

A

agranulocyte

  • made in bone marrow & lymph nodes
  • make antibodies
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10
Q

platelets

A

also: thrombocytes

blood cell fragments that help with clotting

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11
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone secreted by kidneys that stimulates production of RBC in bone marrow

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12
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood that contains:

  • water
  • dissolved proteins
  • sugar
  • wastes
  • salts
  • hormones
  • and other substances
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13
Q

4 types of plasma proteins

A
  1. albumin
  2. globulin
  3. fibrinogen
  4. prothrombin
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14
Q

albumin

A

maintains proper concentration of water in blood

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15
Q

globulin

A

immunoglobins - antibodies that bind to and destroy antigens

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16
Q

fibrinogen

A

clotting protein

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17
Q

prothrombin

A

clotting protein

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18
Q

serum

A
  • plasma minus clotting protein & cells

- clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it clots

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19
Q

pancytopenia

A

deficiency of all 3 components (RBC, WBC, and platelets)

20
Q

-cytosis

A

abnormal condition of cells

macrocytosis - condition of big cells

21
Q

chrom/o

A

color

hypochromia - low concentration of hemoglobin in RBC

22
Q

morph/o

A

shape

morphology - study of shapes, form

23
Q

poikil/o

A

irregular; varied

poikilocytosis - irregularity in shape of RBC

24
Q

spher/o

A

globe; round
spherocytosis - auto-hemolytic anemia (a disease of the blood) characterized by the production of RBCs that are sphere-shaped, rather than bi-concave disk shaped

25
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

very broad term meaning any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

26
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

27
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of good cell production in bone marrow

28
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of RBC due to inability to absorb vitamin B12

29
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary; abnormal shape of RBC leads to inability to carry hemoglobin
sickle-shaped

30
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in RBC due to excessive destruction

31
Q

purpura

A

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under skin
deficiency of platelets - thrombocytopenia
autoimmune

32
Q

leukemia

A

“blood condition of white”

  • disease of bone marrow where malignant leukocytes fill marrow and bloodstream
  • classification due to which leukocyte is involved
33
Q

thrombocytopenia

A
  • deficiency of platelets in blood

- low production or increased destruction

34
Q

PTT

A

Partial Thromoplastin Time

  • platelet count
  • test done when someone is on a blood thinner
  • measures presence of factors involved in clotting
35
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin time

  • test of the ability of blood to clot
  • test done when someone is on a blood thinner
  • measures presence of factors involved in clotting
36
Q

hematocrit

A

Hct

% of RBC in volume of blood

37
Q

bleeding time

A

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
- normal = 8 min

38
Q

coagulation time

A

time for venous blood to clot in a test tube

normal =

39
Q

type A blood

  1. can receive:
  2. cannot receive
A
  1. A, O

2. B, AB

40
Q

Type B blood

  1. can receive:
  2. cannot receive
A
  1. B, O

2. A, AB

41
Q

Type AB blood

  1. can receive:
  2. cannot receive
A
  1. AB, O, A, B

2. none

42
Q

Type O blood

  1. can receive:
  2. cannot receive
A
  1. O

2, A, B, AB

43
Q

Rhesus factor

A 
\+ = have it (can get both + and -)
- = don't have it (can only get -)
44
Q

where does hemoglobin go to get broken down?

A

spleen
liver
bone marrow

45
Q

condition of bilirubin in urine?

A

bilirubinuria

46
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

47
Q

3 major ways for jaundice to occur:

A
  1. excessive destruction of RBC (hemolysis)
  2. blocked bile duct
  3. damaged liver

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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