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Medical Terminology > Unit 2 - Digestive System > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

GI-tract

A

gastrointestinal tract - starts @ mouth, ends at anus

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2
Q

3 functions of digestive system

A
  1. breaks down food
  2. absorbs nutrients
  3. eliminates solid waste
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3
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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4
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

cheilosis - condition of lips

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5
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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6
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

sublingual - pertaining to below the tongue

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7
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

hypoglossal - pertaining to under the tongue

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8
Q

3 types of salivary glands

A

All have digestive enzymes

  1. parotid gland - inflamed in mumps
  2. submandibular gland
  3. sublingual gland
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9
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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10
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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11
Q

function of pharynx

A

passageway for air traveling from nose to windpipe & for food traveling to esophagus

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12
Q

function of: epiglottis

A

prevents food from going into trachea

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13
Q

function of: eso/phag/us

A

eso - inward
phag - eat/swallow
- us - structure
= food travels through this to get to stomach

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14
Q

function of: peristalsis

A

involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in esophagus that propels food down toward stomach

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15
Q

Parts of stomach

A
  1. fundus - upper portion
  2. body - middle
  3. antrum - lower portion
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16
Q

sphincters

A

lower esophageal sphincter - esophagus to stomach

pyloric sphincter - stomach to small intestine

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17
Q

parts of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
illeum
villi

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18
Q

parts of large intestine

A

cecum
colon - ascending, transverse, descending
sigmoid
rectum

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19
Q

function of liver

A
  • makes bile
  • releases bilirubin
  • detoxifies blood
  • destroys old red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin & breaks down into bilirubin
  • makes blood proteins
  • maintains glucose levels
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20
Q

gallbladder

A
  • stores bile

- releases it into small intestines when food is detected

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21
Q

pancreas

A

ex/o/crine gland - (ex/o = into ducts) secretes enzymes into small intestine to aid digestion
end/o/crine gland - (end/o = in/within) secretes hormones (insulin) into blood stream

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22
Q

lithiasis

A

condition of stones

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23
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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24
Q

choldocho/o

A

common bile duct

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25
Q

lith/o

A

stone; calculus

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26
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

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27
Q

choledoch/o/lithiasis

A

condition of stones in common bile duct

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28
Q

chol/e/lithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the gall bladder

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29
Q

choledoch/o/tomy

A

process of cutting the common bile duct

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30
Q

-chezia

A

defecation; elimination of wastes

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31
Q

proct/o

A

anus & rectum

proctoscopy - visual exam of anus/rectum

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32
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

33
Q

cholecyst/ectomy

A

cholecyst/e - gall bladder

surgical removal of the gallbladder

34
Q

col/o/stomy

A

new opening to outside the body

35
Q

hem/o/lysis

A

breakdown of blood

36
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

37
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen

38
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

-phagia = swallowing

39
Q

jaundice

A

yellow/orange coloration of skin and whites of eyes due to high levels of bilirubin in blood

40
Q

steatorrhea

A

fat in feces; foul smelling fecal matter

41
Q

herpetic stomatitis

A

inflammation of mouth caused by infection w/herpes visus

42
Q

hemat/o/chezia

A

elimination of waste with blood

43
Q

dysentery

A

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection (or amoeba or virus)

44
Q

diverticulum

A

plural - diverticula

abnormal outpouches in intestinal wall of colon

45
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

- solids &; liquids return to the mouth

46
Q

dental caries

A

cavity - tooth decay caused by bacterial growth in plaque

47
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen varicose veins in distal esophagus or upper stomach. Sometimes causes (life threatening) bleeding

48
Q

peptic ulcer

A

open sore or lesion in mucous membrane of stomach or duodenum. H pylori bacteria is thought to be cause

49
Q

emulsification

A

process of breaking down large fat globules into smaller globules so that enzymes can digest fat

50
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A
  • group of symptoms; can be caused by stress and tension
51
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

(small intestine) inflammatory disease in which the ileum becomes thickened and ulcerated causing pain

52
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

(large intestine) inflammation present with ulcers; may be caused by a bacterial infection; high risk for colon cancer

53
Q

digestive enzymes breakdown:

  1. proteins
  2. carbohydrates
  3. triglycerides
A
  1. amino acids
  2. monosaccharides / simple sugars
  3. fatty acids & glycerol
54
Q

Symptoms of IBS

A
  1. abdominal pain (lower)
  2. bloating
  3. diarrhea
  4. constipation
55
Q

X-ray tests: barium enema

A

barium sulfate by enema is inserted rectally and x-rays are taken of the rectum & colon area
“lower GI series”

56
Q

x-ray tests: barium swallow

A

barium sulfate is swallowed and x-rays are taken of the esophagus, stomach & small intestines
“upper GI series”

57
Q

ultrasound

A

sound waves are beamed into abdomen to produce image of abdominal viscera
- helpful to examine fluid filled structures (gall bladder, urinary bladder) for things like stones

58
Q

liver function test:

increased/elevated SGOT

A

serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase or AST (aspartate transaminase) –> indicates a liver disease

59
Q

liver function test:

increased/elevated SGPT

A

serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase or ALT (alanine transaminase) –> indicates a liver disease

60
Q

hemoccult test

A
  • test to detect blood in stool

- screens for colon cancer

61
Q

serum bilirubin

A
  • elevated in liver disease & jaundice

- 2 kinds - direct & indirect

62
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

hemat/emesis - vomiting blodd

63
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

dys/pepsia - bad, difficult digestion

64
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing

polyphagia - much swallowing

65
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

hem/o/pytsis - spitting blood

66
Q

-rrhage

A

bursting forth

hem/o/rrhage - bursting forth of blood

67
Q

-rrhagia

A

bursting forth

abnormally heavy menstrual flow

68
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge
menorrhea - regular flow
dysmenorrhea - difficult, bad flow

69
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

hysterorrhaphy - suture of the uterus

70
Q

chol/angi/o/graphy

A

xray exam of the biliary system after injecting contrast into ducts

71
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel system

72
Q

LFT

A

liver function tests

73
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

74
Q

PC

A

after meals

75
Q

AC

A

before meals

76
Q

PO

A

by mouth (orally)

77
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth (nothing passes orally)

78
Q

NG tube

A

nasogastric tube

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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