Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > Unit 2 - Digestive System > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

GI-tract

A

gastrointestinal tract - starts @ mouth, ends at anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 functions of digestive system

A
  1. breaks down food
  2. absorbs nutrients
  3. eliminates solid waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

cheilosis - condition of lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

labi/o

A

lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

sublingual - pertaining to below the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

hypoglossal - pertaining to under the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of salivary glands

A

All have digestive enzymes

  1. parotid gland - inflamed in mumps
  2. submandibular gland
  3. sublingual gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mastication

A

chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of pharynx

A

passageway for air traveling from nose to windpipe & for food traveling to esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of: epiglottis

A

prevents food from going into trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of: eso/phag/us

A

eso - inward
phag - eat/swallow
- us - structure
= food travels through this to get to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of: peristalsis

A

involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in esophagus that propels food down toward stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parts of stomach

A
  1. fundus - upper portion
  2. body - middle
  3. antrum - lower portion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sphincters

A

lower esophageal sphincter - esophagus to stomach

pyloric sphincter - stomach to small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

parts of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
illeum
villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

parts of large intestine

A

cecum
colon - ascending, transverse, descending
sigmoid
rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of liver

A
  • makes bile
  • releases bilirubin
  • detoxifies blood
  • destroys old red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin & breaks down into bilirubin
  • makes blood proteins
  • maintains glucose levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

gallbladder

A
  • stores bile

- releases it into small intestines when food is detected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pancreas

A

ex/o/crine gland - (ex/o = into ducts) secretes enzymes into small intestine to aid digestion
end/o/crine gland - (end/o = in/within) secretes hormones (insulin) into blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lithiasis

A

condition of stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

choldocho/o

A

common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
lith/o
stone; calculus
26
-iasis
abnormal condition
27
choledoch/o/lithiasis
condition of stones in common bile duct
28
chol/e/lithiasis
abnormal condition of stones in the gall bladder
29
choledoch/o/tomy
process of cutting the common bile duct
30
-chezia
defecation; elimination of wastes
31
proct/o
anus & rectum | proctoscopy - visual exam of anus/rectum
32
gingiv/o
gum
33
cholecyst/ectomy
cholecyst/e - gall bladder | surgical removal of the gallbladder
34
col/o/stomy
new opening to outside the body
35
hem/o/lysis
breakdown of blood
36
anorexia
lack of appetite
37
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen
38
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing | -phagia = swallowing
39
jaundice
yellow/orange coloration of skin and whites of eyes due to high levels of bilirubin in blood
40
steatorrhea
fat in feces; foul smelling fecal matter
41
herpetic stomatitis
inflammation of mouth caused by infection w/herpes visus
42
hemat/o/chezia
elimination of waste with blood
43
dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection (or amoeba or virus)
44
diverticulum
plural - diverticula | abnormal outpouches in intestinal wall of colon
45
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease | - solids &; liquids return to the mouth
46
dental caries
cavity - tooth decay caused by bacterial growth in plaque
47
esophageal varices
swollen varicose veins in distal esophagus or upper stomach. Sometimes causes (life threatening) bleeding
48
peptic ulcer
open sore or lesion in mucous membrane of stomach or duodenum. H pylori bacteria is thought to be cause
49
emulsification
process of breaking down large fat globules into smaller globules so that enzymes can digest fat
50
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- group of symptoms; can be caused by stress and tension
51
Crohn's Disease
(small intestine) inflammatory disease in which the ileum becomes thickened and ulcerated causing pain
52
ulcerative colitis
(large intestine) inflammation present with ulcers; may be caused by a bacterial infection; high risk for colon cancer
53
digestive enzymes breakdown: 1. proteins 2. carbohydrates 3. triglycerides
1. amino acids 2. monosaccharides / simple sugars 3. fatty acids & glycerol
54
Symptoms of IBS
1. abdominal pain (lower) 2. bloating 3. diarrhea 4. constipation
55
X-ray tests: barium enema
barium sulfate by enema is inserted rectally and x-rays are taken of the rectum & colon area "lower GI series"
56
x-ray tests: barium swallow
barium sulfate is swallowed and x-rays are taken of the esophagus, stomach & small intestines "upper GI series"
57
ultrasound
sound waves are beamed into abdomen to produce image of abdominal viscera - helpful to examine fluid filled structures (gall bladder, urinary bladder) for things like stones
58
liver function test: | increased/elevated SGOT
serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase or AST (aspartate transaminase) --> indicates a liver disease
59
liver function test: | increased/elevated SGPT
serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase or ALT (alanine transaminase) --> indicates a liver disease
60
hemoccult test
- test to detect blood in stool | - screens for colon cancer
61
serum bilirubin
- elevated in liver disease & jaundice | - 2 kinds - direct & indirect
62
-emesis
vomiting | hemat/emesis - vomiting blodd
63
-pepsia
digestion | dys/pepsia - bad, difficult digestion
64
-phagia
swallowing | polyphagia - much swallowing
65
-ptysis
spitting | hem/o/pytsis - spitting blood
66
-rrhage
bursting forth | hem/o/rrhage - bursting forth of blood
67
-rrhagia
bursting forth | abnormally heavy menstrual flow
68
-rrhea
flow, discharge menorrhea - regular flow dysmenorrhea - difficult, bad flow
69
-rrhaphy
suture | hysterorrhaphy - suture of the uterus
70
chol/angi/o/graphy
xray exam of the biliary system after injecting contrast into ducts
71
IBS
irritable bowel system
72
LFT
liver function tests
73
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
74
PC
after meals
75
AC
before meals
76
PO
by mouth (orally)
77
NPO
nothing by mouth (nothing passes orally)
78
NG tube
nasogastric tube

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions