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Medical Terminology > Unit 4 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

my/o/card/ium

A

my/o - muscle
cardi/o - heart
-ium - tissue
= heart tissue

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2
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of vessel

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3
Q

systemic circulation

A

blood flow from heart to tissues to heart

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4
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

blood flow from heart to lungs to heart

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5
Q

arteries

A

take blood AWAY from heart.

- usually oxygenated blood

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6
Q

capillaries

A
  • microscopic blood vessels

- gas exchange

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7
Q

veins

A
  • bring blood TO the heart
  • valves are involved
  • usually carry Deoxygenated blood
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8
Q

coronary arteries

A

pulmonary

aortic

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9
Q

interatrial septum

A

separates 2 upper chambers (atrium)

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10
Q

interventricular septum

A

separates 2 lower chambers (ventricles)

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11
Q

endocardium

A
  • smooth layer of endothelial cells

- lines interior of heart and valves

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12
Q

myocardium

A

middle muscular layer of the heart wall; thickest part

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13
Q

pericardium

A

fibrous, membranous sac that surrounds the heart

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14
Q

SA node

A

sinoatrial node - pacemaker of heart

- sends electrical impulses that cause atria to contract

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15
Q

AV node

A

atrioventricular node - cause ventricles to contract

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16
Q

Bundle of His

A

runs down middle of heart; carries electrical signal

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17
Q

right and left bundle branches

A

conduction fibers that branch off R and L

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18
Q

Perkinje fibers

A

part of the cardiac conduction system

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19
Q

systolic

A

contraction of heart

  • R and L ventricles contract
  • pump blood into pulmonary and aortic arteries
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20
Q

diastolic

A

relaxation of heart

- blood flows into heart, filling ventricles

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21
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

measures blood pressure

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22
Q

arteri/o/scler/o/sis

A

stiffening of vessels

- collection of plaque in artery; causes plugging of artery

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23
Q

cyan/o/sis

A

condition of blue

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24
Q

phlebotomy

A

opening of vein

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25
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument used to make a visual inspection of chest (but actually heard)

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26
Q

thrombus

A

thromb/o - clot
-us - structure/thing
clot

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27
Q

ischemia

A

isch/e - hold back
-emia - blood condition
decrease in blood flow

28
Q

angina

A

chest pain

29
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack that is caused by decreased blood flow to heart

30
Q

embolus

A

clot that travels & suddenly blocks a blood vessel

31
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

32
Q

arrhythmias

A

abnormal heart rhythms - problem w/conduction or electrical system of heart

33
Q

flutter

A

rapid, but regular contractions
usually of atria
250-300 beats/min

34
Q

fibrillation

A

rapid, inefficient, and irregular contractions
uncoordinated
350 or more beats/min

35
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

36
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

37
Q

coronary angioplasty

A

surgery to repair (widen blocked or narrowed) arteries w/balloon or stent

38
Q

coronary bypass surgery

A

detour around blockages, using other arteries

39
Q

pacemaker

A

small device placed in chest to prompt heart to beat at a normal rate

40
Q

defibrillator

A

used on a stopped or slow heart

- uses electrical energy to make a heart beat

41
Q

cardoversion

A

used on a heart that is too quick

- uses electrical energy or drugs to make a heart beat at a normal rate

42
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A
  • instrument used to measure blood flow on a blood vessel

- can detect vascular occlusions (blockage)

43
Q

flow of blood through heart - starting with vena cava

A 
superior and inferior vena cava
R atrium
tricuspid valve
R ventricle
pulmonary semi-lunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
L atrium
mitral (bicuspid) valve
L ventricle
aortic semi-lunar valve
aorta 
tissues/veins/capillaries
44
Q

echocardiography (ECHO)

A
  • sound waves are transmitted into the chest
  • echoes returning from the valves, chambers & surfaces of heart are electronically plotted & recorded
  • shows structure & movement of heart
45
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein - “BAD”

46
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein “GOOD”

> 60 mg/dL

47
Q

normal value for total cholesterol levels

A
48
Q

AF

A

atrial fibrillation

49
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

50
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

51
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass grafting

52
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

53
Q

Cath

A

catheterization

54
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

55
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

56
Q

EKG

A

electrocardiogram

57
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein

58
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein

59
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

60
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

61
Q

PAC

A

premature atrial contraction

62
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricle contraction

63
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial node

64
Q

VFib

A

ventricular fibrillation

65
Q

VT

A

ventricular tachycardia

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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