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Medical Terminology > Unit 2 - Joints/Muscles > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Joints/Muscles Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

joints

A

coming together of 2 or more bones

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2
Q

synovial joint - literal meaning

A

freely moveable

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3
Q

bursa

A

closed sac of fluid; found where there’s 2 types of tissue that need to slide past one another

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4
Q

ligaments

A

connective tissue that binds bone to bone

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5
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue that binds muscle to bone

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6
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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7
Q

rheumat/o

A

watery flow

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8
Q

chrondr/o

A

cartilage

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9
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

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10
Q

-stenosis

A

tightening; stricture; narrowing

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11
Q

arthr/itis

A

inflammation of any joint

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12
Q

ankyl/o/sis spndyl/itis

A
  • stiffening of the spine

- chronci, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints of spinal column

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13
Q

gouty arthritis

A

inflammation & painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in body

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14
Q

oste/o/arthr/itis

A
  • degenerative disease
  • inflammation of the bone and joint
  • loss of articular cartilage
  • bone hypertrophy
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15
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

“condition of watery flow and joint”

  • autoimmune disease
  • synovial membrane becomes inflamed & thickened
  • bone atrophy
  • usually hands & feet
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16
Q

arthrocentesis

A

using a syringe to collect synovial fluid from a joint capsule

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17
Q

arthr/o/graphy

A

process of taking an x-ray of the joint

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18
Q

arthr/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of joint

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19
Q

arthr/o/scopy

A

visual examination of inside of joint

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A
  1. striated (skeletal/voluntary)
  2. smooth (involuntary)
  3. cardiac (looks striated, but acts involuntary)
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21
Q

difference between -sarcoma and -oma?

A
  • sarcoma = tumor of bone or connective tissue (flesh/muscle)
  • oma = tumor, mass
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22
Q

rectus

A

straight muscle

23
Q

transverse

A

lying across, crosswise

24
Q

oblique

A

slanting, diagonal

25
Q

longus

A

a long structure (long fiber)

26
Q

brachy

A

short (biceps brachia)

27
Q

dorsi

A

back (latissimus doors)

28
Q

oris

A

mouth (orbicular oris)

29
Q

origin

A

point of attachment of muscle to stationary bone

30
Q

insertion

A

point of attachment of muscle to bone that is moving

31
Q

bi/ceps

tri/ceps

A

2 heads of origin

3 heads of origin

32
Q

what is the location of the stern/o/cleid/o/mastoid’s origin and insertion?

A

origin: sternum, clavicle
insertion: mastoid process

33
Q

shape: deltoid

A

thick & triangular

34
Q

shape: trapezius

A

flat & triangular

35
Q

flexion

A

decreasing angle between 2 bones

36
Q

extension

A

increasing angle between 2 bones

37
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline of body

38
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline of body

39
Q

dorsiflexsion

A

foot bends upward (flex foot)

40
Q

plantar

A

extends foot downward (point foot)

41
Q

supination

A

turning palm upward

42
Q

pronation

A

turning palm downward

43
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

weakness of skeletal muscles at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which prevents muscle fibers from contracting

44
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

dys/ - bad, painful
- inherited disease characterized by progressive weakness & degeneration of muscle fibers w/o involvement of nervous system
- muscle fibers are being replaced w/fat
Detected by: muscle biopsy or electromyography (EMG)

45
Q

Temporalis

A

in temporal area

elevates mandible

46
Q

buccinator

A

muscle of cheek (compresses cheeks against teeth ); blowing motion

47
Q

masseter

A

muscle used to close mouth

48
Q

zygomaticus

A

draws lips upward & backward

49
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

closes eyelids, wrinkles forehead

50
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes lips

51
Q

frontalis

A

over frontal bone; works with occipitalis muscle to draw scalp back and forward; raises eyebrows

52
Q

occipitalis

A

posterior portion of the occipitals frontalis & back of head

53
Q

Abbreviation: IM

A

intramuscular

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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