Unit 2 - Joints/Muscles Flashcards
joints
coming together of 2 or more bones
synovial joint - literal meaning
freely moveable
bursa
closed sac of fluid; found where there’s 2 types of tissue that need to slide past one another
ligaments
connective tissue that binds bone to bone
tendon
connective tissue that binds muscle to bone
articul/o
joint
rheumat/o
watery flow
chrondr/o
cartilage
ankyl/o
stiff
-stenosis
tightening; stricture; narrowing
arthr/itis
inflammation of any joint
ankyl/o/sis spndyl/itis
- stiffening of the spine
- chronci, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints of spinal column
gouty arthritis
inflammation & painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in body
oste/o/arthr/itis
- degenerative disease
- inflammation of the bone and joint
- loss of articular cartilage
- bone hypertrophy
rheumatoid arthritis
“condition of watery flow and joint”
- autoimmune disease
- synovial membrane becomes inflamed & thickened
- bone atrophy
- usually hands & feet
arthrocentesis
using a syringe to collect synovial fluid from a joint capsule
arthr/o/graphy
process of taking an x-ray of the joint
arthr/o/plasty
surgical repair of joint
arthr/o/scopy
visual examination of inside of joint
What are the 3 types of muscle?
- striated (skeletal/voluntary)
- smooth (involuntary)
- cardiac (looks striated, but acts involuntary)
difference between -sarcoma and -oma?
- sarcoma = tumor of bone or connective tissue (flesh/muscle)
- oma = tumor, mass
rectus
straight muscle
transverse
lying across, crosswise
oblique
slanting, diagonal
longus
a long structure (long fiber)
brachy
short (biceps brachia)
dorsi
back (latissimus doors)
oris
mouth (orbicular oris)
origin
point of attachment of muscle to stationary bone
insertion
point of attachment of muscle to bone that is moving
bi/ceps
tri/ceps
2 heads of origin
3 heads of origin
what is the location of the stern/o/cleid/o/mastoid’s origin and insertion?
origin: sternum, clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
shape: deltoid
thick & triangular
shape: trapezius
flat & triangular
flexion
decreasing angle between 2 bones
extension
increasing angle between 2 bones
abduction
movement away from midline of body
adduction
movement toward midline of body
dorsiflexsion
foot bends upward (flex foot)
plantar
extends foot downward (point foot)
supination
turning palm upward
pronation
turning palm downward
Myasthenia Gravis
weakness of skeletal muscles at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which prevents muscle fibers from contracting
Muscular dystrophy
dys/ - bad, painful
- inherited disease characterized by progressive weakness & degeneration of muscle fibers w/o involvement of nervous system
- muscle fibers are being replaced w/fat
Detected by: muscle biopsy or electromyography (EMG)
Temporalis
in temporal area
elevates mandible
buccinator
muscle of cheek (compresses cheeks against teeth ); blowing motion
masseter
muscle used to close mouth
zygomaticus
draws lips upward & backward
orbicularis oculi
closes eyelids, wrinkles forehead
orbicularis oris
closes lips
frontalis
over frontal bone; works with occipitalis muscle to draw scalp back and forward; raises eyebrows
occipitalis
posterior portion of the occipitals frontalis & back of head
Abbreviation: IM
intramuscular