Unit 2 - Joints/Muscles

Question 1

joints

Answer 1

coming together of 2 or more bones

Question 2

synovial joint - literal meaning

Answer 2

freely moveable

Question 3

bursa

Answer 3

closed sac of fluid; found where there’s 2 types of tissue that need to slide past one another

Question 4

ligaments

Answer 4

connective tissue that binds bone to bone

Question 5

tendon

Answer 5

connective tissue that binds muscle to bone

Question 6

articul/o

Answer 6

joint

Question 7

rheumat/o

Answer 7

watery flow

Question 8

chrondr/o

Answer 8

cartilage

Question 9

ankyl/o

Answer 9

stiff

Question 10

-stenosis

Answer 10

tightening; stricture; narrowing

Question 11

arthr/itis

Answer 11

inflammation of any joint

Question 12

ankyl/o/sis spndyl/itis

Answer 12

• stiffening of the spine

- chronci, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints of spinal column

Question 13

gouty arthritis

Answer 13

inflammation & painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in body

Question 14

oste/o/arthr/itis

Answer 14

• degenerative disease
• inflammation of the bone and joint
• loss of articular cartilage
• bone hypertrophy

Question 15

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 15

“condition of watery flow and joint”

• autoimmune disease
• synovial membrane becomes inflamed & thickened
• bone atrophy
• usually hands & feet

Question 16

arthrocentesis

Answer 16

using a syringe to collect synovial fluid from a joint capsule

Question 17

arthr/o/graphy

Answer 17

process of taking an x-ray of the joint

Question 18

arthr/o/plasty

Answer 18

surgical repair of joint

Question 19

arthr/o/scopy

Answer 19

visual examination of inside of joint

Question 20

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Answer 20

1. striated (skeletal/voluntary)
2. smooth (involuntary)
3. cardiac (looks striated, but acts involuntary)

Question 21

difference between -sarcoma and -oma?

Answer 21

• sarcoma = tumor of bone or connective tissue (flesh/muscle)
• oma = tumor, mass

Question 22

rectus

Answer 22

straight muscle

Question 23

transverse

Answer 23

lying across, crosswise

Question 24

oblique

Answer 24

slanting, diagonal

Question 25

longus

Answer 25

a long structure (long fiber)

Question 26

brachy

Answer 26

short (biceps brachia)

Question 27

dorsi

Answer 27

back (latissimus doors)

Question 28

oris

Answer 28

mouth (orbicular oris)

Question 29

origin

Answer 29

point of attachment of muscle to stationary bone

Question 30

insertion

Answer 30

point of attachment of muscle to bone that is moving

Question 31

bi/ceps | tri/ceps

Answer 31

2 heads of origin | 3 heads of origin

Question 32

what is the location of the stern/o/cleid/o/mastoid's origin and insertion?

Answer 32

origin: sternum, clavicle insertion: mastoid process

Question 33

shape: deltoid

Answer 33

thick & triangular

Question 34

shape: trapezius

Answer 34

flat & triangular

Question 35

flexion

Answer 35

decreasing angle between 2 bones

Question 36

extension

Answer 36

increasing angle between 2 bones

Question 37

abduction

Answer 37

movement away from midline of body

Question 38

adduction

Answer 38

movement toward midline of body

Question 39

dorsiflexsion

Answer 39

foot bends upward (flex foot)

Question 40

plantar

Answer 40

extends foot downward (point foot)

Question 41

supination

Answer 41

turning palm upward

Question 42

pronation

Answer 42

turning palm downward

Question 43

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 43

weakness of skeletal muscles at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which prevents muscle fibers from contracting

Question 44

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 44

dys/ - bad, painful - inherited disease characterized by progressive weakness & degeneration of muscle fibers w/o involvement of nervous system - muscle fibers are being replaced w/fat Detected by: muscle biopsy or electromyography (EMG)

Question 45

Temporalis

Answer 45

in temporal area | elevates mandible

Question 46

buccinator

Answer 46

muscle of cheek (compresses cheeks against teeth ); blowing motion

Question 47

masseter

Answer 47

muscle used to close mouth

Question 48

zygomaticus

Answer 48

draws lips upward & backward

Question 49

orbicularis oculi

Answer 49

closes eyelids, wrinkles forehead

Question 50

orbicularis oris

Answer 50

closes lips

Question 51

frontalis

Answer 51

over frontal bone; works with occipitalis muscle to draw scalp back and forward; raises eyebrows

Question 52

occipitalis

Answer 52

posterior portion of the occipitals frontalis & back of head

Question 53

Abbreviation: IM

Answer 53

intramuscular