Unit 3 - Endocrine System Flashcards
name of glands that secrete substances directly into the bloodstream?
endocrine glands
exocrine glands
glands that secrete substances into a duct & out of the body
examples of exocrine glands
sweat lacrimal mammary mucous salivary
Thryroid gland - 3 hormones
T4 - thyroxine (maintains normal metabolism)
T3 - triiodothyronine (maintains normal metabolism)
calcitonin - decreases Calcium in blood - sends excess to bone
Parathyroid gland - 1 hormone
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - increases Calcium in blood - mobilizes calcium from bone to put into blood)
Adrenal gland
sits on top of kidneys
2 parts:
1. adrenal cortex - outside
2. adrenal medulla - inside
adrenal cortex - 3 chemicals
- cortisol - glucocorticoid
- aldosterone - mineralcorticoid
- androgen/estrogen - gonadocorticoid
adrenal medulla - 2 chemicals
catecholamines
- epinephrine
- norepinephrine
pancreas - releases 2 chemicals as endocrine gland
- insulin - lowers blood sugar levels
2. glucagon - raises blood sugar levels
Gonads
sex organs
ovaries- estrogens & progesterone
testes - testosterone
Pineal gland - 1 hormone
melatonin - supports biological clock; induces sleep
Thymus gland
Thymosin - stimulates production of T-lymphocytes
more active when an infant
develops immune response in newborns
Pituitary gland = “master” gland
2 lobes
- adenohypophysis - anterior lobe
- neurohypophysis - posterior lobe
anterior lobe of pituitary gland releases 7 chemicals
adenohypophysis
- adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
- follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- leutinizing hormone (LH)
- growth hormone (GH)
- thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- prolactin (PRL)
- somatotropin (STH)
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
released by anterior pituitary
stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates ovaries and testes
released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
leutinizing hormone (LH)
promotes ovulation; stimulates testes
released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
growth hormone (GH)
stimulates growth of bone and tissue\
released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
stimulates thyroid gland
released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
prolactin (PRL)
stimulates milk production
released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
somatotropin (STH)
promotes protein synthesis that results in growth of bone and tissue
released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
posterior lobe of pituitary releases 2 chemicals
neurohypophysis
- antidiuretic hormone - ADH - vasopressin/increases water reabsorption
- oxytocin - OT - stimulates labor during childbirth
acromegaly
hyper secretion of growth hormone AFTER PUBERTY
– leads to enlargement of extremities
gigantism
hyper secretion of growth hormone BEFORE PUBERTY
– leads to overgrowth
dwarfism
congenital HYPOsecretion of growth hormone
Condition when you make too much ADH?
SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Condition when you make too little ADH?
diabetes insipidus (not related to sugar) - can dehydrate
hyperthyroidism
produce too much thyroxine
- increased heart rate
- higher body temperature
- hyperactivity
- weight loss
- increased diarrhea
hypothyroidism
under activity of thyroid gland
- fatigue
- muscular & mental sluggishness
- weight gain
Cushing’s syndrome
abnormal condition of too much cortisol production
Addison disease
condition of too little steroid production from adrenal cortex
- general malaise
- weakness
- muscle atrophy
- severe loss of fluids
exopthalmia
marked by bulging eyes
- associated with hyperthyroidism
myxedema
associated with hypothyroidism
panhypopituitarism
pan - all hyp/o - deficient; below pituitar - pituitary gland - ism - condition condition of inadequate or absent production of the anterior pituitary hormones
aden/o
gland
calc/o
calcium
dips/o
thirst
lact/o
milk
toc/o
childbirth
-uria
urination;
condition of urine
eu-
good; normal
euthyroid - normal functioning
myx/o
mucous
myxedema - mucus-like material accumulates under the skin
associated w/hypothyroidism
