Unit 3 - Endocrine System

Question 1

name of glands that secrete substances directly into the bloodstream?

Answer 1

endocrine glands

Question 2

exocrine glands

Answer 2

glands that secrete substances into a duct & out of the body

Question 3

examples of exocrine glands

Answer 3

sweat
lacrimal
mammary
mucous
salivary

Question 4

Thryroid gland - 3 hormones

Answer 4

T4 - thyroxine (maintains normal metabolism)
T3 - triiodothyronine (maintains normal metabolism)
calcitonin - decreases Calcium in blood - sends excess to bone

Question 5

Parathyroid gland - 1 hormone

Answer 5

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- increases Calcium in blood - mobilizes calcium from bone to put into blood)

Question 6

Adrenal gland

Answer 6

sits on top of kidneys
2 parts:
1. adrenal cortex - outside
2. adrenal medulla - inside

Question 7

adrenal cortex - 3 chemicals

Answer 7

1. cortisol - glucocorticoid
2. aldosterone - mineralcorticoid
3. androgen/estrogen - gonadocorticoid

Question 8

adrenal medulla - 2 chemicals

Answer 8

catecholamines

• epinephrine
• norepinephrine

Question 9

pancreas - releases 2 chemicals as endocrine gland

Answer 9

1. insulin - lowers blood sugar levels

2. glucagon - raises blood sugar levels

Question 10

Gonads

Answer 10

sex organs
ovaries- estrogens & progesterone
testes - testosterone

Question 11

Pineal gland - 1 hormone

Answer 11

melatonin - supports biological clock; induces sleep

Question 12

Thymus gland

Answer 12

Thymosin - stimulates production of T-lymphocytes
more active when an infant
develops immune response in newborns

Question 13

Pituitary gland = “master” gland

Answer 13

2 lobes

1. adenohypophysis - anterior lobe
2. neurohypophysis - posterior lobe

Question 14

anterior lobe of pituitary gland releases 7 chemicals

Answer 14

adenohypophysis

1. adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
2. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
3. leutinizing hormone (LH)
4. growth hormone (GH)
5. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
6. prolactin (PRL)
7. somatotropin (STH)

Question 15

adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)

Answer 15

released by anterior pituitary

stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Question 16

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 16

stimulates ovaries and testes

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Question 17

leutinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 17

promotes ovulation; stimulates testes

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Question 18

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 18

stimulates growth of bone and tissue\

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Question 19

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 19

stimulates thyroid gland

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Question 20

prolactin (PRL)

Answer 20

stimulates milk production

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Question 21

somatotropin (STH)

Answer 21

promotes protein synthesis that results in growth of bone and tissue
released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Question 22

posterior lobe of pituitary releases 2 chemicals

Answer 22

neurohypophysis

1. antidiuretic hormone - ADH - vasopressin/increases water reabsorption
2. oxytocin - OT - stimulates labor during childbirth

Question 23

acromegaly

Answer 23

hyper secretion of growth hormone AFTER PUBERTY

– leads to enlargement of extremities

Question 24

gigantism

Answer 24

hyper secretion of growth hormone BEFORE PUBERTY

– leads to overgrowth

Question 25

dwarfism

Answer 25

congenital HYPOsecretion of growth hormone

Question 26

Condition when you make too much ADH?

Answer 26

SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Question 27

Condition when you make too little ADH?

Answer 27

``` diabetes insipidus (not related to sugar) - can dehydrate ```

Question 28

hyperthyroidism

Answer 28

produce too much thyroxine - increased heart rate - higher body temperature - hyperactivity - weight loss - increased diarrhea

Question 29

hypothyroidism

Answer 29

under activity of thyroid gland - fatigue - muscular & mental sluggishness - weight gain

Question 30

Cushing's syndrome

Answer 30

abnormal condition of too much cortisol production

Question 31

Addison disease

Answer 31

condition of too little steroid production from adrenal cortex - general malaise - weakness - muscle atrophy - severe loss of fluids

Question 32

exopthalmia

Answer 32

marked by bulging eyes | - associated with hyperthyroidism

Question 33

myxedema

Answer 33

associated with hypothyroidism

Question 34

panhypopituitarism

Answer 34

``` pan - all hyp/o - deficient; below pituitar - pituitary gland - ism - condition condition of inadequate or absent production of the anterior pituitary hormones ```

Question 35

aden/o

Answer 35

gland

Question 36

calc/o

Answer 36

calcium

Question 37

dips/o

Answer 37

thirst

Question 38

lact/o

Answer 38

milk

Question 39

toc/o

Answer 39

childbirth

Question 40

-uria

Answer 40

urination; | condition of urine

Question 41

eu-

Answer 41

good; normal | euthyroid - normal functioning

Question 42

myx/o

Answer 42

mucous myxedema - mucus-like material accumulates under the skin associated w/hypothyroidism