Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Unit 3 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Endocrine System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

name of glands that secrete substances directly into the bloodstream?

A

endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

exocrine glands

A

glands that secrete substances into a duct & out of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of exocrine glands

A 
sweat
lacrimal
mammary
mucous
salivary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thryroid gland - 3 hormones

A

T4 - thyroxine (maintains normal metabolism)
T3 - triiodothyronine (maintains normal metabolism)
calcitonin - decreases Calcium in blood - sends excess to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parathyroid gland - 1 hormone

A 
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- increases Calcium in blood - mobilizes calcium from bone to put into blood)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adrenal gland

A

sits on top of kidneys
2 parts:
1. adrenal cortex - outside
2. adrenal medulla - inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

adrenal cortex - 3 chemicals

A
  1. cortisol - glucocorticoid
  2. aldosterone - mineralcorticoid
  3. androgen/estrogen - gonadocorticoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adrenal medulla - 2 chemicals

A

catecholamines

  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pancreas - releases 2 chemicals as endocrine gland

A
  1. insulin - lowers blood sugar levels

2. glucagon - raises blood sugar levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gonads

A

sex organs
ovaries- estrogens & progesterone
testes - testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pineal gland - 1 hormone

A

melatonin - supports biological clock; induces sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thymus gland

A

Thymosin - stimulates production of T-lymphocytes
more active when an infant
develops immune response in newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pituitary gland = “master” gland

A

2 lobes

  1. adenohypophysis - anterior lobe
  2. neurohypophysis - posterior lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anterior lobe of pituitary gland releases 7 chemicals

A

adenohypophysis

  1. adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
  2. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  3. leutinizing hormone (LH)
  4. growth hormone (GH)
  5. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  6. prolactin (PRL)
  7. somatotropin (STH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)

A

released by anterior pituitary

stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

stimulates ovaries and testes

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

leutinizing hormone (LH)

A

promotes ovulation; stimulates testes

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

18
Q

growth hormone (GH)

A

stimulates growth of bone and tissue\

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

19
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

stimulates thyroid gland

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

20
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

stimulates milk production

released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

21
Q

somatotropin (STH)

A

promotes protein synthesis that results in growth of bone and tissue
released by anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

22
Q

posterior lobe of pituitary releases 2 chemicals

A

neurohypophysis

  1. antidiuretic hormone - ADH - vasopressin/increases water reabsorption
  2. oxytocin - OT - stimulates labor during childbirth
23
Q

acromegaly

A

hyper secretion of growth hormone AFTER PUBERTY

– leads to enlargement of extremities

24
Q

gigantism

A

hyper secretion of growth hormone BEFORE PUBERTY

– leads to overgrowth

25
Q

dwarfism

A

congenital HYPOsecretion of growth hormone

26
Q

Condition when you make too much ADH?

A

SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

27
Q

Condition when you make too little ADH?

A 
diabetes insipidus (not related to sugar)
- can dehydrate
28
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

produce too much thyroxine

  • increased heart rate
  • higher body temperature
  • hyperactivity
  • weight loss
  • increased diarrhea
29
Q

hypothyroidism

A

under activity of thyroid gland

  • fatigue
  • muscular & mental sluggishness
  • weight gain
30
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

abnormal condition of too much cortisol production

31
Q

Addison disease

A

condition of too little steroid production from adrenal cortex

  • general malaise
  • weakness
  • muscle atrophy
  • severe loss of fluids
32
Q

exopthalmia

A

marked by bulging eyes

- associated with hyperthyroidism

33
Q

myxedema

A

associated with hypothyroidism

34
Q

panhypopituitarism

A 
pan - all
hyp/o - deficient; below
pituitar - pituitary gland
- ism - condition
condition of inadequate or absent production of the anterior pituitary hormones
35
Q

aden/o

A

gland

36
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

37
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

38
Q

lact/o

A

milk

39
Q

toc/o

A

childbirth

40
Q

-uria

A

urination;

condition of urine

41
Q

eu-

A

good; normal

euthyroid - normal functioning

42
Q

myx/o

A

mucous
myxedema - mucus-like material accumulates under the skin
associated w/hypothyroidism

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions