Unit 4 AC2.3 Assess how forms of punishment meet aims of punishment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most serious punishment a UK court can hand down?

A

Life Sentences

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2
Q

Who decides whether to release an offender serving a life sentence?

A

The Parole Board

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3
Q

How long does an offender remain on licence after a life sentence?

A

For the rest of their life

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4
Q

How many prisoners were serving life sentences in 2018?

A

Around 10,000 prisoners

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5
Q

What percentage of the prison population do life sentences account for in Europe?

A

Around 14%

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6
Q

Are offenders automatically released after serving the minimum term of a life sentence?

A

No, they have no automatic right to be released

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7
Q

What is the mandatory sentence for those found guilty of murder?

A

Mandatory life sentence

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8
Q

Can discretionary life sentences be given for offenses other than murder?

A

Yes, such as rape

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9
Q

What is an indeterminate sentence?

A

It sets a minimum time the offender must serve in prison

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10
Q

Who decides whether to release an offender serving an indeterminate sentence?

A

The Parole Board

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11
Q

How many prisoners were serving indeterminate sentences in 2018?

A

Around 10,000 prisoners

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12
Q

What percentage of the prison population do indeterminate sentences account for in Europe?

A

Around 14%

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13
Q

What is a determinate sentence?

A

It is a sentence with a fixed length

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14
Q

Do all prisoners serve their full determinate sentence in prison?

A

No, in most cases, only a portion of the sentence is served in prison

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15
Q

What happens if the sentence is 12 months or more for a determinate sentence?

A

The offender is normally released halfway through the sentence

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16
Q

What happens if the sentence is less than two years for a determinate sentence?

A

The offender is released on post-sentence supervision for 12 months

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17
Q

What are suspended sentences?

A

The offender is given a prison sentence but does not go directly to prison

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18
Q

Can requirements be imposed on an offender receiving a suspended sentence?

A

Yes, such as entering drug rehabilitation programs

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19
Q

What happens if an offender commits a crime during the suspension period of a suspended sentence?

A

They will be sent to prison to serve their original sentence

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20
Q

What percentage of people convicted of serious offenses received a suspended sentence in 2018?

A

16%

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21
Q

Does imprisonment meet its aims?

A

Yes, imprisonment aims to punish offenders and restrict their freedom. However, its effectiveness is debated.

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22
Q

Is prison an effective deterrent for offenders?

A

No, the high rate of reoffending suggests that prison is not a strong deterrent.

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23
Q

How does prison aim to achieve reparation?

A

Imprisonment does little to facilitate reparation as few prisoners have opportunities to make amends.

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24
Q

What is the aim of retribution in punishment?

A

Prison aims to punish offenders by depriving them of their freedom and subjecting them to unpleasant conditions.

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25
Q

What is the aim of deterrence in punishment?

A

The aim of deterrence is to discourage potential offenders from committing crimes through the fear of imprisonment.

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26
Q

What are the factors that affect the effectiveness of deterrence?

A

Factors such as addiction, poor education, and mental health issues can limit the effectiveness of deterrence.

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27
Q

What is the aim of public protection in punishment?

A

Prison aims to protect the public by removing offenders from society and incapacitating them.

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28
Q

How does prison protect the public and incapacitate criminals?

A

By imprisoning offenders, prison prevents them from committing further crimes while also keeping them away from the public.

29
Q

What is the aim of mandatory life sentences?

A

Mandatory life sentences are given to those found guilty of murder and aim to ensure appropriate punishment.

30
Q

What is the aim of whole life sentences?

A

Whole life sentences are reserved for the most serious cases, ensuring that offenders are never released.

31
Q

What is the aim of indeterminate sentences?

A

Indeterminate sentences set a minimum term that must be served before the offender’s release is decided by the Parole Board.

32
Q

What is the aim of determinate sentences?

A

Determinate sentences have fixed lengths, allowing offenders to know the exact duration of their imprisonment.

33
Q

What is the Prisoner’s Earnings Act 2011?

A

The act allows prisoners to contribute a portion of their earnings towards victim support services as a form of reparation.

34
Q

Does imprisonment effectively enable rehabilitation?

A

Imprisonment is often limited in enabling rehabilitation due to challenges such as lack of education, training, and addressing addiction and mental health issues.

35
Q

What are some challenges in achieving rehabilitation in prison?

A

Challenges include the lack of educational and training facilities, inadequate funding for anger management courses, and insufficient focus on addiction and mental health issues.

36
Q

What is the aim of suspended sentences?

A

Suspended sentences allow offenders to avoid immediate imprisonment, provided they comply with specific requirements.

37
Q

How does suspended sentences work?

A

Offenders receive prison sentences but do not serve them immediately. If they commit further crimes during the suspension period, they may be imprisoned.

38
Q

How many offenders receive suspended sentences?

A

In 2018, approximately 16% of people convicted of serious offenses received suspended sentences.

39
Q

What is the aim of rehabilitation in punishment?

A

Rehabilitation aims to reform offenders, address their underlying issues, and prepare them for a law-abiding life upon release.

40
Q

What are the limitations of rehabilitation in prison?

A

Limitations include inadequate access to education, training, addiction and mental health support, and short sentence lengths.

41
Q

Does Community Sentencing meet its aims?

A

Yes, community sentencing aims to achieve its objectives.

42
Q

Does Community Sentencing meet its aims?

A

No, community sentencing does not meet its aims.

43
Q

What is the aim of retribution in punishment?

A

Community sentencing achieves the aim of retribution through restrictions on offenders’ time and movements.

44
Q

What is the aim of public protection in punishment?

A

Community sentencing protects the public by enforcing curfews, tagging, and identifying the whereabouts of offenders.

45
Q

What is the aim of incapacitation in punishment?

A

Community sentencing does not achieve the aim of incapacitation to remove offenders from society.

46
Q

What is the aim of reparation in punishment?

A

Community sentencing promotes reparation by involving offenders in unpaid work to repair damage and give back to their community.

47
Q

What is the aim of rehabilitation in punishment?

A

Community sentencing aims to address the complex needs of offenders, such as homelessness, drug misuse, and lack of education.

48
Q

Are community sentences effective in preventing reoffending?

A

Yes, community sentences are more effective than short prison sentences in preventing reoffending.

49
Q

Are community sentences effective in preventing reoffending?

A

No, the number of community orders has decreased over the years, indicating a potential decrease in effectiveness in preventing reoffending.

50
Q

What is the definition of community sentencing?

A

Community sentencing is given for offenses that are too serious for a discharge but not serious enough to require imprisonment.

51
Q

What are the requirements of a Community Order?

A

A Community Order may include supervision by a probation officer, unpaid work, curfew, residency requirement, group programs, and treatment.

52
Q

What is the purpose of supervision in community sentencing?

A

Supervision by a probation officer ensures the proper monitoring and guidance of offenders during their community sentence.

53
Q

How does unpaid work contribute to community sentencing?

A

Unpaid work, such as Community Payback, allows offenders to give back to their community and repair any damage caused.

54
Q

What is the significance of curfews in community sentencing?

A

Curfews impose restrictions on offenders’ movements, promoting accountability and compliance with the sentencing terms.

55
Q

What is the role of exclusion orders in community sentencing?

A

Exclusion orders can be imposed to restrict an offender from entering specific areas, further protecting the community.

56
Q

How do group programs contribute to community sentencing?

A

Group programs, such as anger management or substance abuse treatment, address specific needs and aid in the rehabilitation process.

57
Q

What is the aim of treatment programs in community sentencing?

A

Treatment programs target issues like drug addiction and mental health to address the underlying causes of offending behavior.

58
Q

Do Fines meet the aims of punishment?

A

Yes, fines meet the aims of deterrance and retribution

59
Q

how do fines achieve retribution?

A

Fines impose a financial loss on the offender, requiring them to make sacrifices.

60
Q

How do fines achieve deterrance?

A

Fines deter first offenders and signal the possibility of harsher punishments for reoffending.

61
Q

What is the definition of fines?

A

Fines are financial penalties given for less serious offences. They are often handed out in Magistrates’ Courts.

62
Q

Do fines effectively deter offenders?

A

Fines can be an effective deterrent, especially for first-time offenders who want to avoid further punishment.

63
Q

Do fines meet the aim of retribution?

A

Fines contribute to the aim of retribution by imposing a financial burden on the offender.

64
Q

What factors determine the size of a fine?

A

The size of a fine is determined by the offense, the circumstances of the crime, and the offender’s ability to pay.

65
Q

What is the definition of discharges?

A

Discharges are given when the court finds someone guilty of a minor offense but decides not to hand down a criminal conviction.

66
Q

What are the two types of discharge?

A

The two types of discharge are conditional and absolute/unconditional.

67
Q

What is a conditional discharge?

A

A conditional discharge means the offender will not be punished unless they commit another offense within a set period of time.

68
Q

What is an absolute/unconditional discharge?

A

An absolute/unconditional discharge means no penalty is imposed on the offender, usually because punishment would be inappropriate.