Unit 2 AC1.1 Compare criminal behaviour and deviance Flashcards
Give an example of deviant behaviour that is unusual and good.
Such as heroically risking your own life to save someone else.
Give an example of deviant behaviour that is unusual and eccentric.
Such as talking to the trees in the park, or hoarding huge amounts of newspapers.
Give an example of deviant behaviour that is unusual and bad or disapproved of.
Such as physically attacking someone for no reason.
What is the legal definition of criminal behaviour?
Any action forbidden by criminal law – usually involves actus reus and mens rea.
What is the social definition of criminal behaviour?
Differing views of criminal behaviour, whether a law is actually enforced, whether certain acts should have laws made against them or not.
State four formal sanctions.
Custodial sentences, community sentences, police sanctions, other implications of criminal convictions.
What are custodial sentences?
Court imposed imprisonment or detention in a young offenders institution.
What are community sentences?
Court imposed work, fines, courses, probation orders, restrictions, drug treatments and/or testing. Served outside of jail.
What are police sanctions?
Include cautions, conditional cautions, and penalty notices (fines) issued for minor offences – no court appearance.
What are the implications of a criminal conviction?
A criminal record, exclusion from certain jobs, placement on ViSOR, travel restrictions, restrictions on adoption, jury service, standing for elected office, or insurance cover.
What are summary offences?
Less serious offences, e.g., speeding. Tried by magistrates.
What are indictable offences?
More serious offences, e.g., rape/murder. Tried in crown court with a jury. More severe sentences.
What offences include violence against the person?
E.g., murder, manslaughter, assault.
Give examples of sexual offences.
E.g., rape, sex trafficking, grooming.
Give examples of offences against property.
E.g., burglary, theft, robbery.
Give examples of fraud and forgery.
E.g., frauds by company directors, benefit cheating, tax evasion.
Give examples of offences that involve criminal damage.
E.g., arson, vandalism, graffiti.
Give examples of offences that involve drugs.
E.g., supplying, trafficking, or possession of illegal substances.
Give examples of public order offences.
E.g., rioting and violent disorder.
What are norms?
Specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern behaviour in particular situations.
What are values?
General principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives.
What are moral codes?
A set of basic rules, values, and principles, held by an individual, group, organization, or society as a whole.
What is a formal sanction?
Punishments for breaking formal written rules or laws. Imposed by official bodies e.g., courts, schools, etc.
What is an informal sanction?
Disapproval shown to a person for breaking unwritten rules, such as telling off or ignoring them.
What is a positive sanction?
Rewards for behavior society approves of, e.g., praise or medal.
What is social control?
Ways in which society seeks to control our behavior and ensure we conform to its norms.
What is actus reus?
Latin for ‘guilty act.’
What is mens rea?
Latin for ‘guilty mind.’
What are fines?
Financial penalties dependent on the seriousness of the offence and ability to pay.
What is a conditional discharge?
An offender may avoid prison if they commit no offenses in a given time period.
What is an absolute discharge?
Defendant is guilty but court decides punishment is not appropriate.
What is VISOR?
Violent and Sex Offenders Register.
