Unit 3 TEST - - India Flashcards
What is the term for a pass providing access to India through the Hindu Kush Mountains?
Khyber Pass
What is the term for the consequences for the behavior of an individual?
Karma
What is the title which means - - “Enlightened One”?
Buddha
What is the term for an escape from self, suffering and reincarnation in Buddhism?
Nirvana
What is the name of the two largest cities in the Harappan civilization ?
Harappa and Mohenjodaro
What are the elements of the Eightfold Path in Buddhism?
Right knowledge Right Intentions Right Speech Action Living Effort Mindfulness Meditation
What river served as the center of the Harappan civilization?
Indus River
Why did the Harappan civilization decline around 1700 BC?
Indus River gradually changed it course
What was the official title of a king who ruled an Aryan city-state?
Raja
What ceremonial language was used by the Aryans?
Sanskrit
What is Hindusim’s one true being which is manifested in many gods and living things?
Brahman
What is the term for religious myths written in Sankrit by the Aryans?
Vedas
What is the term for the duty performed by an individual in Hinduism?
Dharma
What is the self or soul of an individual in Hinduism?
Atman
What group enjoyed the highest level of respect in the caste system?
Brahmins
What group was excluded from the caste system?
Pariahs
What River is sacred in Hinduism?
Ganges River
Who became known as the Buddha by meditating under a tree to find enlightenment?
Siddhartha Gautama
Who is the most important Buddhist leader in Tibet?
Dalai Lama
Where is Zen Buddhism popular?
Japan
What empire United the small kingdoms in northern India for the first time?
Mauryan Empire
Are the Himalayas the highest mountain range in the world?
YES
Are Clay trade seals the only remnants of Harappan writing?
YES
Did the Aryans frequently offer human sacrifices to their gods?
NO
Are the Upanishads written interpretations of the Vedas?
YES
Do the Hindus believe that moksha cannot be achieved in one lifetime?
YES
Did Alexander the Great caused the collapse of the Gupta Empire?
NO
Did Asoka pardon many criminals?
YES
Did Asoka turn away from warfare when he converted to Buddhism?
YES
Did Chandragupta become the first Indian emperor by conquering rival kingdoms?
YES
Is the central symbol of Buddhism a wheel?
YES
Is Buddhism the most popular religion in India?
NO
Did YOGA first develop as a discipline in Hinduism?
YES
Do Buddhist recognize the Hindu caste system?
NO - - they do not believe in a caste system
What is reincarnation? How is it affected by dharma and karma?
Reincarnation is the REBIRTH of a should in another form
If someone fulfills his duty (dharma) he will receive good karma (consequences) and he will be reincarnated in a higher caste
Who were the Aryans? And how did the affect the development of India?
Nomads who entered northern India through the Khyber Pass
Vedas (religious myths) led to the development of Hinduism
What are the four Noble Truths of Buddhism?
- Life involves suffering and sorrow
- Suffering is caused by the pursuit of pleasure
- Forsaking desire frees people from suffering
- Eightfold path leads to nirvana
What were the Edicts of Asoka? Why were they significant?
Stone pillars displayed laws and spiritual reflections
Stone pillars provided evidence of Asoka’s beliefs and practices
What was the Gupta Empire?
Gupta Empire was a weak empire that attempted to recreate the Mauryan Empire
Empire collapsed Huns invaded India
Be able to describe the Harappan civilization - Discuss the importance of agriculture and trade - why are the cities built by this civilization so impressive - why did the Harappan civilization disappear?
- Indus and Saraswati Rivers flooded twice every year (creating fertile land)
- Surpluses of wheat and barley allowed for traded with Mesopotamia
- Merchants’ personal seals are the only remnants of Harappan writing
- Harappa and Mohenjodaro were the two largest cities
- Strong bricks hardened in kilns - wide city streets in grid patterns - citadels, public bath, and sewers indicated a strong central government
Be able to discuss the development of Buddhism - how is this religion both similar and different from Hinduism - how do Buddhists view the world - which regions and groups of people have embraced Buddhism?
- Siddhartha Gautama found enlightenment while meditation under a tree (Buddha)
- Buddhism and Hinduism both believe in reincarnation and a peaceful escape from the physical world
- Buddhism does not recognize Hindu gods or the caste system
- Four Noble Truths emphasize the painful natures of like and the pursuit of nirvana
- Buddhism became popular Amon women and the poor in eastern India, China, Ceylon and Japan
What is the term for wind patterns that bring heavy rainfall to India during the summer?
Monsoons
