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World History - - Meltebrink > China > Flashcards

China Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the yellow silt which give the Yellow River its name?

A

Loess

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2
Q

What is an art form involving the writing of Chinese symbols?

A

Calligraphy

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3
Q

What is “the way” or force which provides harmony and order in nature?

A

Tao

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4
Q

What was a trade route that brought Chinese goods as far west as Rome?

A

Silk Road

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5
Q

What were animal bones that were heated and cracked to predict the future?

A

Oracle bones

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6
Q

What are the three philosophies that influenced the development of Chinese civilization?

A

Confucianism
Taoism
Legalism

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7
Q

What are the complementary forces that exist in harmony according to Taoism?

A

Yin

Yang

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8
Q

What crop was cultivated by farmers in the Shang Dynasty?

A

Soybeans

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9
Q

What river allowed the Shang Dynasty to grow rice in a warm climate?

A

Yangtze River

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10
Q

What belief was included in the religion of the Shang Dynasty?

A

Animism
Ancestor Worship
Oracle Bones

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11
Q

What craft was perfected by Shang artisans?

A

Bronze casting

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12
Q

What dynasty became the longest dynasty in Chinese history?

A

Zhou

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13
Q

Who held power and influence in the Zhou Dynasty?

A

Nobles

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14
Q

What idea did Confucius teach to his students?

A

Children should respect their elders

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15
Q

What ideas did Lao Tzu emphasize in Taoism?

A

Tao is a force that provided harmony
Material gain is useless
Nature must be understood

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16
Q

Who became the first Chinese emperor by conquering all of the warring states?

A

Shi Huangdi

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17
Q

Who held power and influence in the Qin Dynasty?

A

Emperor

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18
Q

Who served as the longest reigning emperor in Han Dynasty?

A

Wudi

19
Q

What philosophy was taught at the imperial university establish by Wudi?

A

Confucianism

20
Q

What barbarian tribe attacked along the Great Wall of China and the Silk Road?

A

Xiongnu

21
Q

What was the only significant foreign influence in ancient China?

A

Buddhism

22
Q

Did every ancient Chinese dynasty end in warfare?

A

YES

23
Q

Do Mahayana Buddhists worship the Buddha as a deity?

A

YES

24
Q

Do many Chinese citizens call themselves “Sons of Han”?

A

YES

25
Q

Did Wudi become known as the “martial emperor”

A

YES

26
Q

Did thousands of worker die while building the Great Wall of China?

A

YES

27
Q

Did Wudi force peasants to complete the Great Wall of China?

A

NO

28
Q

Did Shi Huangdi unite China with uniform laws and currency?

A

YES

29
Q

Did the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire exist at the same time?

A

YES

30
Q

Was the Han Dynasty founded by Shi Huangdi?

A

NO

31
Q

Did Lao Tzu create a religious philosophy?

A

YES

32
Q

Did legalism state that rulers should be kind and generous to their people?

A

NO

33
Q

Did Confucius personally wrote his philosophy in the Analects?

A

NO

34
Q

Did the Zhou rulers leave their capital when the city was captured by barbarians?

A

YES

35
Q

Does the Yellow River flow from west to the east?

A

YES

36
Q

Why did the Shang Dynasty begin to call itself the “Middle Kingdom”?

A

Chinese civilization developed in isolation (mountains, desert, long sea routes)
Independent development brought pride

37
Q

How did Chinese writing develop? How many symbols were created?

A

Chinese writing developed so that prophecies could be written on oracle bones

Thousands of symbols were created because each word or phrase had a different symbol

38
Q

What is the Mandate of Heaven? Why did the Zhou Dynasty emphasize this idea?

A

Mandate of Heaven requires rulers to please the gods and defend their people

Zhou Dynasty claimed that the overthrown Shang Dynasty had failed in their duties

39
Q

What is legalism? Why is it significant in Chinese history?

A

Legalism is a political philosophy that developed in response to Confucianism

Government must use absolute power and cruel punishment to preserve order

Legalism shaped Chinese politics under Shi Huangdi and other emperors

40
Q

Describe the Warring States Period? Why is it significant in Chinese history?

A

Seven large states fought for control as the Zhou Dynasty fell apart

Constant warfare made militaries more important

Shi Huangdi emerged victorious to establish the Qin Dynasty

41
Q

What is the Art of War? how has if affected military strategy around the world?

A

Art of War is a military treatise written by Sun Tzu

Strategies and principles are still studied by militaries all around the world.

42
Q

Discuss the decline of the Zhou Dynasty. How did the Zhou Dynasty begin to lose powe? Describe the philosophies that developed during this period. How did these philosophies affect Chinese culture and politics?

A

Zhou kings depended on local ruler for money and troops.
Zhou king fled from the capital when it was captured by barbarians.
Confucianism called for virtuous rulers, loyal subjects, and respectful children
Taoism emphasized nature and harmony over material gain
Legalism called for brutal rulers willing to use cruel punishment to control individuals
Shi Huangdi practiced legalism, but Wudi brought Confucianism back to Chinese politics

43
Q

Discuss the reign of Wud. What were his greatest accomplishments? How did Wudi address the dramatic population growth within his empire? How has the reign of Wudi affected people living around the world today?

A

Longest reigning Han emperor (54 years)

“Martial Emperor” expanded the Han Dynasty into Manchuria, Korea, and Vietnam

Effective civil service with competitive exams ended feudalism

Northern frontier and Silk Road were protected from the Xiongnu

Leveling system provide public granaries and protected growing populations from famine

Competitive civil service and imperial university influenced government and education

World History - - Meltebrink (20 decks)

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