Mid Term Exam 2018 Flashcards
What is the term for independent cavalry warriors living on the Russian frontier?
Cossacks
What is the term for the Dynasty that included Michael and his descendant from 1613 to 1917?
Romanov
What is the term for nobles who wanted power and influence in Russia?
Boyars
What is the term for a “divine wind” or storm that saved Japan from Mongol invasion?
Kamikaze
What is the term for an economic association formed by merchants or craftsmen?
Guild
What is the term that provided military service in return for land?
Knights
What is the term for a plot of land that a vassal receives from his lord?
Fief
What is the Frankish name which means “the hammer?”
Martel
What is the term for a place of worship where Muslims gather on Friday?
Mosque
What is the term for “submission to God?”
Islam
Who is the angel that appeared to Muhammad during his revelation?
Gabriel
What is the term that means “universal”?
Catholic
What is the REM that means “right” or “proper”?
Orthodox
What was the name of the capital city in the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
What is the term for a mountain fortress where Jewish rebels refused to surrender?
Masada
What is the title that means “first citizen”
Princeps
Which emperor ended the era of Roman expansion and focused on defense instead?
Hadrian
Which emperor brought the Roman Empire to its largest size?
Trajan
Who persecuted Chrisitans, killed his mother and later committed suicide?
Nero
Which region was invaded by Claudius?
Britannia
Which of the following happened during the Great Jewish Revolt?
Jewish Temple was destroyed
Titus commanded Roman Soldiers
Romans took plunder back to Rome
What structure served as a temple to all of the gods in the Roman Civil Religion?
Pantheon
What field of mathematics was pioneered during the Islamic Renaissance?
Algebra
Who served as the first caliph after the death of Muhammad?
Abu Bakr
What city was the capital of Russian under Prince Vladimir?
Kiev
Who sacked the city of Rome?
Alaric and the Visigoths
Who persuaded Attila the Hun to spare Rome fro destruction?
The Pope
What philosophy did Marcus Aurelius discuss in his book called Meditations?
Stoicism
Who defeated the Spanish Moors at the Battle of Tours in 732?
Charles Martel
Who establish the Merovingian Dynasty by uniting the Frank’s through force?
Clovis
Where did the Mughal Empire develop?
India
What group of nomads converted to Sunni Islam after defeating the Arabs and Persians?
Turks
What is the term that refers to a pilgrimage to Mecca?
Hajj
What Muslim ruler became the first to capture Constantinople?
Mehmet II
what country controlled Eastern Europe after the partition of Poland?
Prussia
Austria
Russia
What city did Peter the Great Choose as his capital in 1703?
St. Petersburg
Who led Russia to independence by defeating the Mongols in 1480?
Ivan the Great
What region was named after the Viking settlers who took control n 911?
Normandy
What event occurred during the Fourth Crusade?
The Pope excommunicate an entire Christian army
What explorer landed in Newfoundland around 1000?
Leif Erikson
What ruler invaded Central Europe and besieged Vienna in 1529?
Sullivan the Magnificent
What battle ended Ottoman expansion off the coast of Greece in 1571?
Lepanto
We’re Janissaries Christian slaves who became elite Ottoman warriors?
YES
Did Peter the Great believe that his mother was poisoned by boyars?
NO
Did Ivan the Great want Russian men to shave their beards?
NO
Did the Treaty of Verdun establish rulers of war protecting non-combatants?
NO
Did Charles Martel establish the Carolingian Dynasty?
YES
Was the Byzantine emperor captured at the Battle of Manzikert?
YES
Does an official Koran have to be written in Hebrew?
NO
Is the ummah a community of believers who served Allah?
YES
Did the Eastern Orthodox Church conducted all masses in Latin?
NO
Did the Edict of Milan give religious freedom to everyone in the Roman Empire?
YES
Was Caligula the first Roman emperor to be assassinated?
YES
Did concrete enable the Romans to build larger and more durable structures?
YES
Did Septimius Severus value the Roman military above all else?
YES
Did the Byzantines call themselves Romans?
YES
Did the Bedouins worshiped hundreds of natural spirits called the Jinn?
YES
Is eating beef prohibited in Islam?
NO
Was Ali the last Orthodox Caliph?
YES
Was Clovis the first barbarian king to become Catholic?
YES
Did St. Benedict write City of God to explain that the Bible serves as allegory?
NO
Were Serfs free to leave manor after two years of service?
NO
We’re the Oprichniki enforcers who eliminated opponents of the czar?
YES
Did Catherine the Great force Jews to live in the Pale of Settlement?
YES
Did Augustus sponsore patriotic writers who glorified Rome?
YES
Who was the Historical Jesus? What is known about him?
He was born in 4 BC
He was a traveling preacher
Crucified by Roman authorities
How did Paul of Tarsus spread Christianity? Why was he successful?
Churches established throughout the eastern Mediterranean
Preached to Jews and Gentile
Why did Justinian develop the Corpus Juris Civilis? Why is this law code significant?
Effort to preserve and organize the Roman law code
Law code of the Byzantine Empire for almost 1,000 years
Foundation for modern European and American laws
Describe the Vikings as warriors and explorers. How did they affect European history?
Northmen attacked churches and monasteries along the European coast
Chiefs led independent bands of raiders
Eric the Red sailed to Iceland and Greenland
Leif Erikson landed in Newfoundland
What was the Inquisition? Why did this period become so violent?
Search for heretics within the Church
Torture was used to extract confessions (rumors and gossip)
Guilty until proven innocent (imprisonment or death)
Why did Russia develop independently from Europe? Discuss specific differences.
Mongol rule during the Golden Horde (Asian influence)
Eastern Orthodox Christianity instead of Catholic/Protestant
Cyrillic alphabet instead of Latin
What caused the Time of Troubles? How did the period affect Russia?
Ivan the Terrible killed his oldest son (the heir to the throne)
End of the Rurik Dynasty (younger son was less capable
Power struggle among relative, boyars and imposters led to foreign invasion
Famine, plague, and chaos forced boyars to elect a new czar (Romanov Dynasty)
How did the Great Northern War affect the development of Russia and eastern Europe?
Russia fought Sweden for access to the Baltic Sea
Importance of a worm-water port (trade and navy)
Peter the Great won a decisive battle at Poltava in 1709
St. Petersburg
Compare and contrast the reign of Augustus and the reign of Charlemagne. How did each of these men transform his empire? What similarities do these rulers share? How are they different?
Augustus and Charlemagne expanded the borders of their empires
Augustus united his empire with roads, uniform currency, and fewer taxes
Charlemagne divided his empire into counties monitored by missi dominici
Romanization forced conquered subjects to adopt Roman culture under Augustus
Charlemagne forced Lombards to adopt Catholicism in mass baptisms by sword
Augustus sponsored patriotic writers like Livy and Virgil
Charlemagne used his palace school and monasteries to revive education in Western Europe
Discuss the significance of religion during the Middle Ages. How did the Church influence education as well as politics? Describe the specific effects of monasticism, the Inquisition, and the Crusades?
Monasteries preserved learning and literature
Schools established for future monks and priests (Catholic education)
Pope claimed the power to crown kings and emperors
Church used its power to conduct the Inquisition (religious trials)
Popes sent European knights on Crusades to the Holy Land (religious wars)
Discuss the development of both Christianity and Islam. How is the development of each religion unique? Describe the interactions between these two religions between 700 and 1500?
St. Paul, St. Peter, Constantine, Theodosius spread Christianity in a gradual process
Muhammad and the caliphs rapidly spread Islam through conquest
Christians and Muslims became opponents in the eastern Mediterranean
Charles Martel vs. Moors at the Battle of Tours in 732
Byzantine Empire vs. Seljuk and Ottoman Turks (fall of Constantinople in 1453)
Crusades brought more violence and enduring animosity
Ottoman expansion into central Europe
What are the Byzantine law codes that were organized by Justinian?
Corpus Juris Civilis
Who was the Roman citizen who built churches and was beheaded?
Paul of Tarsus
Who were the navigators and warriors who attached churches?
Vikings
What is the name of the Christian city that was attacked by Crusaders near Venice?
Zara
What was a search for heretics that involved torture?
Inquisition
Who was the traveling p0reacher that was crucified by the
Romans?
Historical Jesus
Who was the Anglo-Saxon king that was killed by the Normans?
Harold Godwinson
What is the complete census of England that was ordered by William?
Domesday Book
What was the plague that killed half of the people in Europe?
Black Plague
Who was the ruler that brutally resisted the Ottomans in Wallachia?
Glad the Impaler
What was the war between Russia don Sweden for the Baltic ports?
Great Northern War
What was the name of the military and civil ruler of medieval Japan?
Shogun
What was the warrior code for samurai?
Bushido
What was the period of famine, plague, and chaos in Russia know as?
Time of Troubles
What is the name of the brutal chieftain who united the Mongols?
Genghis Khan
What is thee name of the Chinese dynasty that was conquered by the Mongols?
Song Dynasty
