TEST - Unit 7 Byzantine / Islam Flashcards
Who were Arab monotheists who influenced Muhammad?
Hanifs
What is the capital city of Russia under Prince Vladimir?
Kiev
What is a place of worship where Muslims gather on Fridays?
Mosque
What is the term for “submission to God”?
Islam
What is the name of the angel that appeared to Muhammad during his revelation?
Gabriel
What is the term for “Universal”?
Catholic
What is the term for “right” or “Proper”?
Orthodox
What is the name of the capital city in the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
Which group of nomads converted to Sunni Islam after defeating the Arabs and Persians?
Turks
What term refers to a pilgrimage to Mecca?
Hajj
What Muslim ruler became the first to capture Constantinople?
Mehmet II
What field of mathematic was pioneered during the Islamic Renaissance?
Algebra
What city served as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?
Damascus
Did the Byzantines call themselves Romans?
YES
Did the Eastern Orthodox Church conducted all masses in Latin?
NO
Did the Bedouins worship hundreds of natural spirits called the Jinn?
YES
Is the ummah a community of believers who serve Allah?
YES
Is eating beef prohibited in Islam?
NO
Does Alchemy involve efforts to turn base metals into gold?
YES
Does an official Koran HAVE to be written in Hebrew?
NO
Was Ali the last Orthodox Caliph?
YES
Why do people rebel against Justinian during the Nike Riot - how did the riot end?
- A violent reaction to higher taxes for military expansion and building projects
- Rebels threatened Justinian’s power and tried over overthrow
- Theodora encouraged Justinian to fight
- Justinian and Belisarius (commander of the army) defeated the rebels preserved the Byzantine Empire
Why did Justinian develop the Corpus Juris Cavils - why is this law code significant?
- Body of civil law
- Created to preserve and organize the Roman Law Code
- Byzantine law code for 1,000 years (foundation of modern European laws)
What is the Kaaba - why is it important?
~Originally served as a shrine to the Jinn - before the idols were removed
~Muhammad removed the idols from the shrine when he returned to Mecca
~Shrine became the holiest site in Islam rededicated to Allah
~Center of the Hajj
~Pray toward the shrine five times a day
What are the differences between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims - which group was larger?
Sunni Muslims recognize the Umayyad Caliphate
Shi’ah Muslims refused to recognize the caliphs after Ali
Strong Shi’ah presence continues in Iran and Iraq
Sunni Muslims compose 90% of the Muslim world
Be able to respond to the following essays
Discuss the reign of Justinian. What were his greatest accomplishments? What were some of his failure? Was he a great ruler?
~Military expansion (Belisarius as the army commander)
~Preservation of Ram Law (Corpus Juris Civilis)
~Architecture in Constantinople (defenses, market place, imperial palace, Hagia Sophia)
~Military expansion devastated western territories and brought higher taxes
~Theodora and Belisarius wanted to fight when Justianian was prepared to flee
Who served as the first caliph after the death of Muhammad?
Abu Bakr
What is the term for a religious images that created controversy in the Byzantine Empire?
Icons
What is the term for the holy book of Islam that is written in Arabic?
Koran
What are the five Pillars of Islam?
Shahada Prayer Alms Fasting Hajj
Where was Muhammad born?
Mecca
Who was the famous Muslim doctor during the Islamic Renaissance?
Avicenna
What city served as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate?
Baghdad
Did Muhammad win the Battle of Badr?
YES
Is Jihad a holy struggle to defend Islam?
YES
Was the sultan a religious leader for the Seljuk Turks?
NO
Did an astrolab use stars to chart geographic positions?
YES
Why did Muhammad and his people go to Medina in 622 - what is this event called?
- Muhammad and his followers fled from hostile Arabs in Mecca
- Muhammad recruited an army of new converts for his return to Mecca
- Called Year 1 on the Islamic calendar
How did the Muslims treat conquered people - what were new subjects (people) supposed to do?
~they were fully incorporated into the Dar al-Islam
~They were forced to convert to Islam, pay a tax or FACE DEATH
Who united the Franks through force?
Clovis
What issue created conflict between Eastern and Western Christians?
Mass celebrated in vernacular languages
Marriage for priests
Use of icons
Were Janissaries Christians slaves who became elite Ottoman warriors?
YES
Describe the Islamic Golden Age. What were some of the major academic and cultural advancements of this time period? How have these advancements affected the modern world?
Abbasid caliphs invested in research libraries
Alchemy (Chemistry)
Medicine (Avicenna focused on diseases and treatments)
Astrolabe (improvements)
Mathematic (Algebra, Arabic numerals)
Literature (Koran/poetry, Arabian Nights)
