TEST - Unit 7 Byzantine / Islam

Question 1

Who were Arab monotheists who influenced Muhammad?

Answer 1

Hanifs

Question 2

What is the capital city of Russia under Prince Vladimir?

Answer 2

Kiev

Question 3

What is a place of worship where Muslims gather on Fridays?

Answer 3

Mosque

Question 4

What is the term for “submission to God”?

Answer 4

Islam

Question 5

What is the name of the angel that appeared to Muhammad during his revelation?

Answer 5

Gabriel

Question 6

What is the term for “Universal”?

Answer 6

Catholic

Question 7

What is the term for “right” or “Proper”?

Answer 7

Orthodox

Question 8

What is the name of the capital city in the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 8

Constantinople

Question 9

Which group of nomads converted to Sunni Islam after defeating the Arabs and Persians?

Answer 9

Turks

Question 10

What term refers to a pilgrimage to Mecca?

Answer 10

Hajj

Question 11

What Muslim ruler became the first to capture Constantinople?

Answer 11

Mehmet II

Question 12

What field of mathematic was pioneered during the Islamic Renaissance?

Answer 12

Algebra

Question 13

What city served as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?

Answer 13

Damascus

Question 14

Did the Byzantines call themselves Romans?

Answer 14

YES

Question 15

Did the Eastern Orthodox Church conducted all masses in Latin?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

Did the Bedouins worship hundreds of natural spirits called the Jinn?

Answer 16

YES

Question 17

Is the ummah a community of believers who serve Allah?

Answer 17

YES

Question 18

Is eating beef prohibited in Islam?

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

Does Alchemy involve efforts to turn base metals into gold?

Answer 19

YES

Question 20

Does an official Koran HAVE to be written in Hebrew?

Answer 20

NO

Question 21

Was Ali the last Orthodox Caliph?

Answer 21

YES

Question 22

Why do people rebel against Justinian during the Nike Riot - how did the riot end?

Answer 22

• A violent reaction to higher taxes for military expansion and building projects
• Rebels threatened Justinian’s power and tried over overthrow
• Theodora encouraged Justinian to fight
• Justinian and Belisarius (commander of the army) defeated the rebels preserved the Byzantine Empire

Question 23

Why did Justinian develop the Corpus Juris Cavils - why is this law code significant?

Answer 23

• Body of civil law
• Created to preserve and organize the Roman Law Code
• Byzantine law code for 1,000 years (foundation of modern European laws)

Question 24

What is the Kaaba - why is it important?

Answer 24

~Originally served as a shrine to the Jinn - before the idols were removed
~Muhammad removed the idols from the shrine when he returned to Mecca
~Shrine became the holiest site in Islam rededicated to Allah
~Center of the Hajj
~Pray toward the shrine five times a day

Question 25

What are the differences between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims - which group was larger?

Answer 25

Sunni Muslims recognize the Umayyad Caliphate Shi'ah Muslims refused to recognize the caliphs after Ali Strong Shi'ah presence continues in Iran and Iraq Sunni Muslims compose 90% of the Muslim world

Question 26

Be able to respond to the following essays Discuss the reign of Justinian. What were his greatest accomplishments? What were some of his failure? Was he a great ruler?

Answer 26

~Military expansion (Belisarius as the army commander) ~Preservation of Ram Law (Corpus Juris Civilis) ~Architecture in Constantinople (defenses, market place, imperial palace, Hagia Sophia) ~Military expansion devastated western territories and brought higher taxes ~Theodora and Belisarius wanted to fight when Justianian was prepared to flee

Question 27

Who served as the first caliph after the death of Muhammad?

Answer 27

Abu Bakr

Question 28

What is the term for a religious images that created controversy in the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 28

Icons

Question 29

What is the term for the holy book of Islam that is written in Arabic?

Answer 29

Koran

Question 30

What are the five Pillars of Islam?

Answer 30

``` Shahada Prayer Alms Fasting Hajj ```

Question 31

Where was Muhammad born?

Answer 31

Mecca

Question 32

Who was the famous Muslim doctor during the Islamic Renaissance?

Answer 32

Avicenna

Question 33

What city served as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate?

Answer 33

Baghdad

Question 34

Did Muhammad win the Battle of Badr?

Answer 34

YES

Question 35

Is Jihad a holy struggle to defend Islam?

Answer 35

YES

Question 36

Was the sultan a religious leader for the Seljuk Turks?

Answer 36

NO

Question 37

Did an astrolab use stars to chart geographic positions?

Answer 37

YES

Question 38

Why did Muhammad and his people go to Medina in 622 - what is this event called?

Answer 38

* Muhammad and his followers fled from hostile Arabs in Mecca * Muhammad recruited an army of new converts for his return to Mecca * Called Year 1 on the Islamic calendar

Question 39

How did the Muslims treat conquered people - what were new subjects (people) supposed to do?

Answer 39

~they were fully incorporated into the Dar al-Islam | ~They were forced to convert to Islam, pay a tax or FACE DEATH

Question 40

Who united the Franks through force?

Answer 40

Clovis

Question 40

What issue created conflict between Eastern and Western Christians?

Answer 40

Mass celebrated in vernacular languages Marriage for priests Use of icons

Question 40

Were Janissaries Christians slaves who became elite Ottoman warriors?

Answer 40

YES

Question 40

Describe the Islamic Golden Age. What were some of the major academic and cultural advancements of this time period? How have these advancements affected the modern world?

Answer 40

Abbasid caliphs invested in research libraries Alchemy (Chemistry) Medicine (Avicenna focused on diseases and treatments) Astrolabe (improvements) Mathematic (Algebra, Arabic numerals) Literature (Koran/poetry, Arabian Nights)