Unit 3: Ch 8 (Skeletal System) Flashcards
1
Q
of bones
A
- Bones at birth: 270
- Bones at adulthood: ~ 206
- Varies with the development of sesamoid bones
- Varies with the presence of sutural bones in skull
2
Q
Describe the vertebral curvatures
A
-
Primary
- Present at birth
- 1 continuous curve
-
Secondary
- Takes time to develop
- By adulthood, there are 4 curvatures
- Cervical lordosis: C1 - C7
- Thoracic kyphosis: T1 - T12
- Lumbar lordosis: L1 - L5
- Pelvic kyphosis: S1
3
Q
Male/female pelvis differences
- General appearance
- Tilt
- Brim/Inlet
- Outlet
- Subpubic angle
A
- General appearance
- Male: More massive, rougher, heavier processes
- Female: Less massive, smoother more delicate processes
- Tilt
- Male: Upper end of pelvis relatively vertical
- Female: Upper end of pelvis tilted forward
- Brim/Inlet
- Male: Heart-shaped
- Female: Round or oval
- Outlet
- Male: Smaller
- Female: Larger
- Subpubic angle
- Male: Narrower, usually 90° or less
- Female: Wider, usually 100° or more
4
Q
A
5
Q
Cervical Vertebrae
- Function
- Location
A
- Function: Supports the head and allows for its movement
- Location: C1 - C7
- Notes
-
C1 (Atlas)
- Supports the head
- Little more than a delicate ring surrounding a large vertebral foramen; no body
-
C2 (Axis)
- Allows rotation of the head, as in gesturing “no”
- Most distinctive feature is a the dens (aka odontoid process). No other vertebra has a dens
- 1st vertebra to exhibit a spinous process, which has a bifid tip
-
C1 (Atlas)
6
Q
Coccyx Vertebrae
- Function
- Location
A
-
Function
- Provides attachment for the muscles of the pelvic floor
- Co1 has a pair of horns (cornua) that serve as attachment points for ligaments that bind the coccyx to the sacrum
-
Location
- Co1 to Co4 (or sometimes Co5)
- Fuse between 20-30 YOA
7
Q
Condyle
A
Smooth, rounded articular process; “knuckle” of any bone
8
Q
Cranial Bones
A
- 8 total
- Frontal (1)
- Parietal (2)
- Occipital (1)
- Temporal (2)
- Sphenoid (1)
- Ethmoid (1)
9
Q
Major parts of the cranium
A
-
Calvaria
- Composed of multiple bones that form the roof and walls of the skull
-
Base
- Cranial cavity floor
- Composed of 3 paired depressions called cranial fossae
- Anterior cranial fossa
- Middle cranial fossa
- Posterior cranial fossa (deepest)
10
Q
Extensions & Projections
A
- Crest: A narrow ridge
- Epicondyle: An expanded region superior to a condyle
- Line: A slightly raised, elongated ridge
- Process: Any bony prominence
- Protuberance: A bony outgrowth or protruding part
- Spine: A sharp, slender, or narrow process
- Trochanter: Two massive processes unique to the femur
- Tubercle: A small, rounded process
- Tuberosity: A rough elevated surface
11
Q
Facial Bones
A
- 14 total
- Maxillae (2)
- Palatine (2)
- Zygomatic (2)
- Lacrimal (2)
- Nasal (2)
- Vomer (1)
- Inferior nasal conchae (2)
- Mandible (1)
12
Q
Foramen
A
opening or hole (pl. foramina)
13
Q
Fossa
A
shallow depression
14
Q
Head
A
a spherical process at end of a long bone
15
Q
List bones in the upper appendicular system
A
16
Q
List bones in the axial skeleton
A
30
Q
A
